Constraints and contributors in advancing Black women academic researchers at a university in South Africa

Keywords: constraints, contributors, Black women academics, university, South Africa

Abstract

This article draws from a project that was conducted at a South African university to investigate the advancement of Black women academic researchers. A qualitative research method was used to obtain rich data from Black women academics. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings from the study suggest that the constraints in advancing Black women academics were: research was not a priority; problems with work-life balance; research challenges; a male-dominated environment; time constraints; lack of support; and funding. The contributors in advancing Black women academic researchers were perseverance, collaboration, co-supervision, motivation, mentorship and support, including institutional support. There ought to be a deeper inquiry into how best to ensure the advancement of Black women academics at universities in South Africa.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

C. Schultz, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria

Senior lecturer

Department People Management and Development

E. Rankhumise, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria

Professor and Assistant Dean

Faculty of Management Sciences

References

Alexander-Floyd, N. 2015. “Women of color, space invaders, and political science: Practical strategies for transforming institutional practices.” Political Science & Politics 48(3): 464‒468. DOI: 10.1017/S1049096515000256.

Alleman, A., S. A. Milton, L. Darell, and H. F. O. Vakalahi. 2018. “Women of color and work–life balance in an urban environment: What is reality?” Urban Social Work 2(1): 80‒95.

Barret, L. and P. Barret. 2011. “Women and academic workloads: Career slow lane or cul-de-sac?” High Education 61: 141‒155.

Bell, M. P., D. Berry, J. Leopold, and S. Nkomo. 2020. “Making Black Lives Matter in academia: A Black feminist call for collective action against anti-blackness in the academy.” Gender, Work & Organization 28(1): 39‒57.

Bless, C., C. Higson-Smith, and S. L. Sithole. 2013. Fundamentals of social research methods: An African perspective. 5th Edition. Cape Town: Juta.

Boateng, D. A. 2018. “Experiences of female academics in Ghana: Negotiation and strengths as strategies for successful careers.” African Journal of Social Work 8(1): 21‒30.

Boughey, C. and S. McKenna. 2015. “Analysing an audit cycle: A critical realist account.” Studies in Higher Education 42(6): 963‒975.

Breetzke, G. D. and D. W. Hedding. 2018. “The changing demography of academic staff at higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa.” Higher Education 76: 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0203-4.

Burns, N. and S. K. Grove. 2001. The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique, and utilization. 4th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.

Ceci, S. J. and W. M. Williams. 2011. “Understanding current causes of women’s underrepresentation in science.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Science 108: 3157‒3162.

Chitsamatanga, B. B., S. Rembe, and J. Shumba. 2018. “Mentoring for female academics in the 21st century: A case study of a South African university.” International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies 6(1): 52‒58.

Cloete, N., J. Mouton, and C. Sheppard. 2015. Doctoral Education in South Africa Policy, Discourse and Data. Somerset West: African Minds.

Collins, P. H. 2000. Black feminist thought. New York: Routledge.

Cross, M., S. Lee, H. Bridgman, D. K. Thapa, M. Cleary, and R. Kornhaber. 2019. “Benefits, barriers and enablers of mentoring female health academics: An integrative review.” PLoS ONE 14(4): 1‒21.

Davis, S. and K. Brown. 2017. “Automatically discounted: Using Black feminist theory to critically analyse the experiences of Black women faculty.” NCPEA International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation 12: 1‒9.

DHET. 2020. Report of the ministerial task team on the recruitment, retention and progression of Black South African academics. Pretoria: Department of Higher Education and Training.

Dorenkamp, I. and S. Ruhle. 2019. “Work–life conflict, professional commitment, and job satisfaction among academics.” The Journal of Higher Education 90(1): 56‒84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2018.1484644.

Elo, S., M. Kaarianinen, O. Kanste, T. Polkki, K. Utrianen, and H. Kyngash. 2014. “Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness.” Sage Open Jan–Mar:1–10. http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/spsgo/4/1/2158244014522633.full.pdf. (Accessed 20 February 2020).

Fields, L. N. 2020. “A case study of the experiences of Black female faculty at research-intensive schools of social work.” Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2185. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2185.

Flick, U. 2009. An introduction to qualitative research. 4th Edition. London: Sage.

Fox Tree, J. E. and J. Vaid. 2022. “Why so few, still? Challenges to attracting, advancing, and keeping women faculty of color in academia.” Frontiers in Sociogy 6: 1‒14.

Givens, G. Z. and R. B. Jeffries. 2003. Black women in the field: Experiences understanding others and ourselves through qualitative research. Cresskil, NJ: Hampton Press.

Grzywacz, J. G. and D. S. Carlson. 2007. “Conceptualizing work-family balance: Implications for practice and research.” Advances in Developing Human Resources 9(4): 455‒471.

Holman, L., D. Stuart-Fox, and C. E. Hauser. 2018. “The gender gap in science: How long until women are equally represented?” PLoS Biology 16(4): e2004956. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004956.

Howard-Baptiste, S. and J. C. Harris. 2014. “Teaching then and now: Black women scholars and the mission to move beyond borders.” Negro Educational Review 65(1‒4): 5‒22.

Johnson, L. N. and K. M. Thomas. 2012. “A similar, marginal place in the academy: Contextualizing the leadership strategies of Black women in the United States and South Africa.” Advances in Developing Human Resources 14(2): 156‒171.

Kachchaf, R., L. Ko, A. Hodari, and M. Ong. 2015. “Career–life balance for women of color: Experiences in science and engineering academia.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 8(3): 175.

Kasprowicz, V. O., D. Chopera, K. D. Waddilove, M. A. Brockman, J. Gilmour, E. Hunter, W. Kilembe, E. Karita, W. Gaseitsiwe, E. J. Sanders, and T. Ndung’u. 2020. “African-led health research and capacity building ‒ is it working?” BMC Public Health 20:1‒10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08875-3.

Kele, T. P. and J. Pietersen. 2015. “Women leaders in a South African higher education institution: Narrations of their leadership operations.” International Journal of Sustainable Development 8(5): 11‒16.

Lincoln, Y. S. and E. G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry: The paradigm revolution. London: Sage.

Madileng, M. M. 2014. “Critical reflections: Experiencing discrimination, disrespect and disregard; forming a professional identity.” South African Journal of Higher Education 28(6): 2027‒2040.

Mahabeer, P., N. Nzimande, and M. Shoba. 2018. “Academics of colour: Experiences of emerging Black women academics in curriculum studies at a university in South Africa.” Agenda 115: 28‒42.

Mahapatra, M. 2018. “Career aspiration and achievement motivation of women academicians: A struggle for dual role conflict.” SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5(4): 57‒63.

Maphalala, M. C. and M. N. Mpofu. 2017. “Are we there yet? A literature study of the challenges of women academics in institutions of higher education.” Gender and Behaviour 15(2): 11‒29.

Maseti, T. 2018. “The university is not your home: Lived experiences of a Black woman in academia.” South African Journal of Psychology 48(3): 343‒350. DOI:10.1177/0081246318792820.

Meschitti, V. and H. L. Smith. 2017. “Does mentoring make a difference for women academics? Evidence from the literature and a guide for future research.” Journal of Research in Gender Studies 7(1): 166‒199.

Mokhele, M. 2013. “Reflections of Black women academics at South African universities: A narrative case study.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 4(3): 611‒619.

Monnapula-Mapesela, M. 2017. “Developing as an academic leader in a university of technology in South Africa: Dealing with enabling and constraining teaching and learning environments.” Critical Studies in Teaching and Learning 5(2): 69‒85.

Morley, L. 2005. “Sounds, silences and contradictions: Gender equity in British Commonwealth higher education.” Australian Feminist Studies 20(46): 109‒119.

Msimanga, A. 2016. “Too late to come back? The paradox of a being a fifty year old ‘early career’ black female academic.” South African Journal of Higher Education 28(6). https://doi.org/10.20853/28-6-441.

Naicker, L. 2013. “The journey of South African women academics with a particular focus on women academics in theological education.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 39: 325‒336.

Nkumane, K. G. 2018. “Lived experiences of black women academic researchers at the University of South Africa.” Masters dissertation, University of South Africa.

Phakeng, M. 2015. “Leadership: The invisibility of African women and the masculinity of power.” South African Journal of Science 111(11/12): 1‒12. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/a0126.

Polit, D. F., C. T. Beck, and B. P. Hungler. 2001. Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal and utilization. 5th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ramohai, J. and K. Marumo. 2016. “Women in senior positions in South African higher education: A reflection of voice and agency.” Alteration 23(1): 135‒157.

Ramnund-Mansingh, A. and M. Seedat-Khan. 2020. “Understanding the career trajectories of Black academics in South Africa: A case study of the University of Kwazulu-Natal.” Perspectives in Education 38(2): 56‒69.

Ramphele, M. Institutional cultures and higher education leadership: Where are the women? Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

Rankhumise, E. M. and R. O. Rugimbana. 2010. “Micro enterprise owner perspectives on performance: Insights from selected municipalities in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.” Africa Journal of Business Management 4(16): 3500‒3507.

Shober, D. 2014. “Women in higher education in South Africa.” Advances in Gender Research 19: 315‒332.

Singleton, K. S. 2021. Advice for navigating academia as a Black woman. https://neuronline.sfn.org/diversity/advice-for-navigating-academia-as-a-black-woman. (Accessed 22 May 2021).

Sinkovics, R. R. and E. A. Alfodi. 2012. “Progressive focusing and trustworthiness in qualitative research: The enabling role of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS).” Management International Review 52(6): 817–845.

Sonn, R. 2016. “The challenge for a historically disadvantaged South African university to produce more postgraduate students.” South African Journal of Higher Education 30(2): 226‒241. https://doi.org/10.20853/30-2-601.

Tesch, R. 1990. Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. Bristol, PA: Falmer.

Thanacoody, P. R., T. Batram, M. Barker, and K. Jacobs. 2006. “Career progression among women academics: A comparative study of Australia and Mauritius.” Women in Management Review 21(7): 536‒553.

United Nations. 2020. Take action for sustainable development goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. (Accessed 15 February 2020).

Van der Wal, J. E. M., R. Thorgood, and N. P. C. Horrocks. 2020. “Sociality enhances survival in science, especially for women researchers.” bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.973479.

Walkington, L. 2017. “How far have we really come? Black women faculty and graduate students’ experiences in higher education.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations 39: 51‒65.

Zhang, Y. and B. M. Wildemuth. 2009. “Qualitative analysis of content.” In Application of social research methods to questions in information and library science, ed. B. M. Wildemuth, 308‒319. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

Zulu, N. T. 2021. “Black women professors in South African universities: Advancing social justice.” In Social justice and education in the 21st century, ed. W. Pearson Jr. and V. Reddy. Book series: Diversity and Inclusion Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65417-7_12.

Published
2023-08-26
How to Cite
Schultz, C., and E. Rankhumise. 2023. “Constraints and Contributors in Advancing Black Women Academic Researchers at a University in South Africa”. South African Journal of Higher Education 37 (4), 248-65. https://doi.org/10.20853/37-4-5070.
Section
General Articles