Post-Covid-19 universities: Opportunities and challenges for technology-assisted education
Abstract
The study is aimed at better understanding responsiveness of contact universities to technology-assisted education Post-Covid-19 pandemic. The suggestion is that a strong relationship exists between positive technology application in teaching and disciplines acceptance of technology. Without disciplines acceptance of technology, its application in teaching poses a challenge. When compelled, force majeure, to rely on technology to save an academic year, contact universities showed resilience. Students’ laptops were hastily organised and synchronous online learning ensued. The application of technology in a particular context and this way is called a factor set 1. Two such factors appear in literature as the first factor set which entails synchronous technology-as-utility factor set 1 (FS-1) and asynchronous technology-as-essence factor set 2 (FS-2). There was, however, a need to develop a framework to better understand how technology is applied within the education context. Furthermore, we employed Peer Conversational Interviews with five teachers with less than five years of teaching experience and those possessing more than fifteen years teaching experience. These data were supplemented with data drawn from exploratory descriptive analysis of literature. These data collection efforts were intended to find out whether contact universities applied technology using FS-1 or FS-2 and implications of such decisions in reimagining contact universities beyond Covid-19 pandemic. Results show a strong relationship between disciplines such as IT and Engineering and the positive application of technology in terms of FS-2. They also show that post-pandemic, students are gradually warming to online teaching offerings. There is a need to provide more support to disciplines that show a lackadaisical attitude towards technology application in their areas.
Downloads
References
Ali, S. 2022. The effectiveness of immersive technologies for the future professional education. Futurity Education 2(2): 13‒21.
Anthony, W., P. Levine-Brown, N. Fynn, P. Gadzekpo, and M. Spinks. 2020. “Technology Considerations and Opportunities in Higher Education.” Journal of College Academic Support Programs 3(1): 12‒12. National Centre for Developmental Education.
Bowden, J. and F. Marton. 1998. The University of Learning: Beyond Quality and Competence in Higher Education. London: Kogan Page.
Capshew, J. 1993. “Engineering Behaviour: Project Pigeon, World War 11, and the Conditioning of B.F skinner.” Technology and Culture 34(4): 835‒857.
Cloete, J. 2020. “SA universities are failing to meet the challenges of teaching during the Covid-19 lockdown.” Daily Maverick 9 April 2020. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2020-04-09-sa-universities-are-failing-to-meet-the-challenges-of-teaching-during-the-covid-19-lockdown/. (Accessed 13 November 2023).
Creswell, J. 2013. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: SAGE publications.
Czerniewicz, L. 2020. “What we learnt from ‘Going Online’ during University Shutdowns-in-South Africa.” https://philondtech.com. (Accessed 11 February 2024).
Daniel, John. 2020. “Education and the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Prospects 49(1–2): 91‒96.
Davies, P. 2023. “Chat-GPT-4 Turbo, AI Assistants and Microsoft: Everything You Need to Know about Open AI Upgrades.” https://www.euronews.next. (Accessed 13 November 2023).
Du Plooy-Cilliers, F., C. Davis, and R. Bezuidenhout. (Ed.). 2021. Research Matters. 2nd Edition. Claremont: Juta and Company Ltd.
Ferreira, C. M. 2018. “Society 5.0 and Social Development.” Management and Organizational Studies 5(4). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201811.0108.v1.
Fukuyama, M. 2018. “Society 5.0: Aiming for a Human-centred Society.” Japan SPOTLIGHT July / August. hhtps://www.jef.or.jp. Accessed: 01/09/2022.
Ginsberg, B. 2011. The Fall of Faculty: The Rise of the All-administrative University and Why It Matters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goh, P. and J. E. Sandars. 2020. “A vision of the use of technology in medical education after the Covid-19 pandemic.” MedEd Publish 9(1). https: doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000049.1.
Haldane, J. 2022. Editorial Comment. Journal of Education 10(÷): 1.
Hayes, D. 2017. Beyond Macdonaldisation: Visions of Higher Education. London: Routledge.
Hunter, D., J. McCallum, and D. Howes. 2019. “Defining Exploratory Descriptive Qualitative Research and Considering its Application to Healthcare.” Journal of Nursing and Healthcare 4(1): 1‒8.
Jansen, J. 2023. Corrupted: A Study of Chronic Dysfunction in South African Universities. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Li, C. and F. Lalani. 2020. “The Covid-19 Pandemic has Changer Education Forever. This is How.” https://www.weforum.org. (Accessed 08 August 2023).
Linden, M. 2017. “Narrating the 2015 Fees-Must-Fall Movement: Explanations, Contestations and Forms of Meaning-Making in the Public Sphere.” Master’s Dissertation. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
Ma’arop, A. H and M. A. Embi. 2016. “Implementation of Blended Learning in Higher Learning Institutions: A Review of Literature.” International Education Studies 9(3): 41‒52. https://doi.org/105539/IES.V9N3P41. (Accessed 13 November 2023).
Nyar, A. 2021. “The ‘Double-Transition’ for First-Year Students: Understanding the Impact of Covid-19 on South Africa’s First-Year University Students.” Journal of Student Affairs in Africa 9(1): 77‒92.
Owusu-Agyeman, Y. and T. Mugume. 2023. “Academic adjustment of first year students and their transition experiences: The moderating effect of social adjustment.” Tertiary Education Management 29: 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-023-09120-3.
Patrick, H. O., R. T. I. Abiolu, and O. A. Abiolu. 2021. “Reflections on COVID-19 and the viability of curriculum adjustment and delivery options in the South African educational space.” Transformation in Higher Education 6(0): a101. https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v6i0.101.
Pearce, A. 2021. “Optimal Learning Using Technology: Amplifying Students Collaborations and Social Networking.” International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning 5(2): 19‒32.
Pitso, T. 2021. Contextualised Critical Reflections on Academic Development Practices: Towards Professional Learning. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media.
Pitso. T. 2023a. “Telagogy: New Theorisations about Learning and Teaching in Higher Education Post-Covid-19 Pandemic.” Cogent Education 10(2): 1‒17.
Pitso, T. 2023b. “Post-Covid-19 Higher Learning. Toward Telagogy, A Web-based Learning Experience.” AIFOR Journal of Education 11(2): 39‒59.
Pitso, T. 2023c. The Forgotten: Reconstructing and Reclaiming African Spirituality in the Post-Truth Era. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media.
Pitso, T. 2024. In Press. Post-humanity: Living, Learning and Work in Deep Cyberspaces. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media.
Pohkrel, S. and R. Chhetri. 2021. “A Literature Review on Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning.” Higher Education for the Future 8(1): 133‒141.
Polit, D. and C. Beck. 2012. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practices. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Salgues, B. 2018. Society 5.0.: Industry of the Future, Technologies, Methods and Tools (Technological Prospects and Social Applications). 1st Edition. France: Wiley-ISTE.
Star, M. G. 2020. “Online education becomes a teacher’s pet in COVID 19 crisis.” https://www.forbes.com/sites/mergermarket/2020/03/20/online-education-becomes-teachers-pet-incovid-19-crisis/?sh=510217de1aa1.
Taylor, Y. and R. Taylor. 2010. “Academic freedom and Racial Injustice: South Africa’s Former ‘Open Universities’.” South African Journal of Higher Education 24(6): 897‒913.
Torres, R. and R. De la Cruz. 2022. “Remote Learning: Challenges and Opportunities for Educators and Students in the New Normal.” Australian Journal of Education 7(1): 83‒92.
Tsegay, S. M., M. A. Ashraf, S. Perveen, and M. F. Zegergish. 2022. “Online Teaching during Covid-19 Pandemic: Teachers’ Experiences from a Chinese University.” Sustainability 14(1): 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010568. (Accessed 13 November 2023).
Tshabalala, M., C. Ndeya-Ndereya, and T. van der Merwe. 2014. “Implementing blended learning at a developing university: Obstacles in the way.” Electronic Journal of E-Learning 12(1): 101‒110.
Van Rensburg, E. and J. Uguttu. 2022. “Exploring the Concept, Barriers to Implementation and Designing of Learning Resources.” South African Journal of Education 36(6): 285‒298.
Wangenge-Ouma, G. and T. Kupe. 2020. “Uncertain Times: Reimagining universities for new sustainable futures.” https://usaf.ac.za/covid-19-forsters-a-need-to-re-imagine-the-university-as-a-social-institution/. (Accessed 13 November 2023).
World Bank. 2020. Remote Learning and Covid-19. The Use of Technologies at Scale across an Education System as a Result of Massive Closings in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic to Enable Distance Education and Online Learning. www.worldbank.org.
Yaras’, Z. and F. Oxturk. 2022. “Society 5.0 in Human Technology Integration. Digital Transformation in Educational Organizations.” International Journal of Progressive Education 18(1): 458‒474.
Zawacki-Richter, O., V. I. Marín, M. Bond, and F. Gouverneur. 2019. “Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education ‒ Where are the educators?” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 16(39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0.
Copyright (c) 2024 Teboho Pitso, Masebala Tjabane, Anton Pillay, Teboho Bojabotsheha

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal is an open access journal, and the authors and journal should be properly acknowledged, when works are cited.
Authors, copyright holders, may use the publishers version for teaching purposes, in books, theses, dissertations, conferences and conference papers.
A copy of the authors' publishers version may also be hosted on the following websites:
- Non-commercial personal homepage or blog.
- Institutional webpage.
- Authors Institutional Repository.
The following notice should accompany such a posting on the website: This is an electronic version of an article published in SAJHE, Volume XXX, number XXX, pages XXX “XXX", DOI. Authors should also supply a hyperlink to the original paper or indicate where the original paper (http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/SAJHE) may be found.
Authors publishers version, affiliated with the Stellenbosch University will be automatically deposited in the University Institutional Repository SUNScholar.
Articles as a whole, may not be re-published with another journal.
The following license applies:
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 4.0