Exploring the nature of communities of inquiry in undergraduate accounting education: a systematic literature review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20853/39-3-6335

Keywords:

community of inquiry, online learning, undergraduate accounting education, higher education

Abstract

Online learning has become an integral part of higher education, and while its adoption was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, it will continue to be an important mode of learning in higher education. However, research indicates that accounting students are experiencing the online learning component as a significantly bigger challenge than the face-to-face learning component. Providing a responsive online accounting learning environment requires an effective framework to assist with the design of the teaching and learning environment, facilitating optimal online learning. This article reports on a systematic literature review to determine the nature of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework within the context of online undergraduate accounting education. Utilising scholarly databases (Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals and EbscoHost), a literature search was conducted for the period 2012–2022, resulting in the identification of 35 articles for full-text review. The results of this review highlighted that all three presences of the CoI (social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence) were present. Most of the articles reported on group cohesion and affective/personal connections within social presence, and instructional design within teaching presence. Sub-themes such as triggering events within cognitive presence and direct instruction within teaching presence received the least coverage in the sampled articles. The insufficient inclusion of certain sub-themes in the presences indicated the need for further application to create a responsive online learning environment in accounting education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

A. Marx, North West University

School of Accounting Sciences

J. P. Fouché, North-West University

School of Accountancy

Y. Heymans, North West University

Centre for Health Professions Education

 

J. Pool, North-West University

Centre for Health Professions Education

References

Abdel-Rahim, Heba. 2021. "The effectiveness of online teaching and learning tools - Students’ perceptions of usefulness in an upper-level accounting course." Learning and Teaching 14 (3): 52–69. https://doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2021.140304.
Akyol, Zehra, Donn Randy Garrison, and M Yaşar Ozden. 2009. "Online and blended communities of inquiry: Exploring the development and perceptional differences." International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 10 (6): 65-83.
Al-Nimer, Munther, and Ghaith Alsheikh. 2021. "Unleashing the role of e-learning in student engagement practices and accounting professional competencies." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 14 (2): 829-851. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-10-2020-0377.
Ali, Irshad , Anil Kumar Narayan, and Umesh Sharma. 2020. "Adapting to COVID-19 disruptions: student engagement in online learning of accounting." Accounting Research Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-09-2020-0293. https://www.emerald.com/insight/1030-9616.htm.
Ali, Irshad, Anil K Narayan, and Dilani Gedera. 2022. "Transforming assessment in accounting education to align with online learning." Pacific Accounting Review 34 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-05-2021-0058.
Ali, Wahab. 2020. "Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in light of COVID-19 Pandemic." Higher Education Studies 10 (3): 16-25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16.
AlShamsi, Aysha Saeed. 2021. "A bio‑environmental perspective on Emirati female college students’ experiences in virtual learning communities of inquiry." International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 18 (47). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00281-y.
Anderson, Terry, Rourke Liam, D Randy Garrison, and Walter Archer. 2001. "Assessing teaching presence in a computer conferencing context." Journal of the Asynchronous Learning Network 5 (2): 1-17.
Booth, Andrew. 2006. "Clear and present questions: formulating questions for evidence based practice." Emarald 24 (3): 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378830610692127.
Brown, Ruth E. 2001. "The process of community building in disitance learning classes." Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 5 (2): 18-35.
Chiroma, Jane Adhiambo, Lawrence Meda, and Zayd Waghid. 2021. "Examining Emergency Remote Teaching Using the Community of Inquiry Framework: Lecturer Experiences in a Kenyan University." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 17 (4): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.20211001.oa17.
Choy, Jeanette Lyn Fung, and Choon Lang Quek. 2016. "Modelling relationships between students’ academic achievement and community of inquiry in an online learning environment for a blended course." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 32 (4): 106-124.
D’Aquila, Jill M, Daphne Wang, and Angela Mattia. 2019. "Are instructor generated YouTube videos effective in accounting classes? A study of student performance, engagement, motivation, and perception." Journal of Accounting Education 47: 63–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2019.02.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2019.02.002.
Daspit, Joshua J, TC Mims, and Staci M Zavattaro. 2015. "The Role of Positive Psychological States in Online Learning: Integrating Psychological Capital Into the Community of Inquiry Framework." Journal of Management Education 39 (5): 626 –649.
Ebaid, Ibrahim El-Sayed. 2020. "Accounting students' perceptions on e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic: Preliminary evidence from Saudi Arabia." Journal of Management and Business Education 3 (3): 236-249. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2020.0015. https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2020.0015.
Ellingson, Dee Ann, and Matthew Notbohm. 2012. "Synchronous Distance Education: Using Web-Conferencing In An MBA Accounting Course." American Journal Of Business Education 5 (5): 555-562.
Garrison, D Randy. 2006. "Online collaboration principles." Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 10 (1): 25-34.
---. 2016. E-Learning in the 21st Century : A Community of Inquiry Framework for Research and Practice. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Garrison, D Randy, Terry Anderson, and Walter Archer. 2000. "Critical inquirty in a text-based environment: Computer referencing in higher education." Internet and Higher Education 1 (19): 2-3.
Garrison, D Randy, and JB Arbaugh. 2007. "Research the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions." Internet and Higher Education 10: 157-172.
Garrison, Randy, and Norman Vaughan. 2008. Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. San Fransisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Geisler, Cheryl , and Jason Swarts. 2019. Coding streams of language: Techniques for the systematic coding of text, talk, and other verbal data.: Colorado: WAC Clearinghouse.
Goh, Lay Huah. 2020. "The Gathering of the Community of Inquiry in Online Learning." International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10 (7): 494-499. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.7.1413.
Gqokonqana, Onke, Felicia Jurie, Andisiwe Madubedub, and Lonwabo Mlawu. 2022. "The Influence of Emergency Remote Learning on Level 2 Accounting Students at a South African University." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21 (4): 240-254. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.4.14.
Grabinski, Konrad, Marcin Kedzior, Joanna Krasodomska, and Agnieszka Herdan. 2020. "Embedding E-Learning in Accounting Modules: The Educators’ Perspective." Education sciences 10 (97). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10040097.
Halabi, Abdel K, Ahmed Essop, Teresa Carmichael, and Blanche Steyn. 2014. "Preliminary evidence of a relationship between the use of online learning and academic performance in a South African first-year university accounting course." Africa Education Review 11 (2): 164-182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2014.934995. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2014.927148.
Hamid, Suraya, Jenny Waycott, Sherah Kurnia, and Shanton Chang. 2015. "Understanding students' perceptions of the benefits of online social networking use for teaching and learning." The Internet and Higher Education 26: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.004.
Herrador-Alcaide, Teresa C, and Montserrat Hernández-Solís. 2017. "Numerical-Technological Skills and Work Experience in the Perceived Usefulness in an Accounting Virtual Learning Environment." The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 16 (3).
Herrador-Alcaide, Teresa C, Montserrat Hernández-Solís, and J. Fortunato Hontoria. 2020. "Online Learning Tools in the Era of m-Learning: Utility and Attitudes in Accounting College Students." Sustainability 12 (5171): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125171.
Januszewski, Arkadiusz, and Małgorzata Grzeszczak. 2021. "Internship of Accounting Students in the Form of E-Learning: Insights from Poland." Education sciences 11 (447). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080447.
Jones, David, Chris Snider, Aydin Nassehi, Jason Yon, and Ben Hicks. 2020. "Characterising the Digital Twin: A systematic literature review." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 29: 36-52. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2020.02.002.
Junus, Kasiyah, Heru Suhartanto, Sri Hartati R-Suradijono, Harry Budi Santoso, and Lia Sadita. 2019. "The Community of Inquiry Model Training Using the Cognitive Apprenticeship Approach to Improve Students' Learning Strategy in the Asynchronous Discussion Forum." Journal of Educators Online 16 (1).
Kashora, Trust, Huibrecht M Van der Poll, and John A Van der Poll. 2016. "E-learning and technologies for open distance learning in Management Accounting." Africa Education Review 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2016.1186863.
Kitchenham, Barbara. 2004. "Procedures for performing systematic reviews." Keele, UK, Keele University 33 (2004): 1-26.
Krzyszkowska, Krystyna, and Maria Mavrommati. 2020. "Applying the Community of Inquiry e-Learning Model to Improve the Learning Design of an Online Course for In-service Teachers in Norway." The Electronic Journal of e-Learning 18 (6): 462-475. https://doi.org/10.34190/JEL.18.6.001.
Lam, Jeanne, Radar Chan, and KYK Yan. 2012. "A Report on the Online Learning Experience of Students in Accounting Course." International Journal of Services and Standards 10, no. 4 (2015): 192-210. 10 (4): 31-44.
Lawrence-Benedict, Heather, Michael Pfahlb, and Scott J Smith. 2019. "Community of Inquiry in online education: Using student evaluative data for assessment and strategic development." Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education 25: 1-8.
Lazim, Che Siti Lazrina Md, Nur Diyana Binti Ismail, and Mohd Danial Afiq Khamar Tazilah. 2021. "Application of Tecnology Acceptance Model (TAM) towards Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Accounting students perspective." International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 24 (1): 13-20.
Lee, Richard, Kim Hoe Looi, Margaret Faulkner, and Larry Neale. 2021. "The moderating influence of environment factors in an extended community of inquiry model of e-learning." Asia Pacific Journal of Education 14 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1758032.
Lento, Camillo 2018. "Student Usage of Assessment-Based and Self-Study Online Learning Resources in Introductory Accounting." ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION 33 (4): 13–31.
Leonidou, Erasmia, Michael Christofi, Demetris Vrontis, and Alkis Thrassou. 2020. "An integrative framework of stakeholder engagement for innovation management and entrepreneurship development." Journal of Business Research 119: 245-258.
Lizarda, Vargas Chagna, Gallegos Varela Monica, and Jaramillo Mediavilla Lorena. 2020. "Virtual Learning Objects in the teaching of Financial Accounting II of the Accounting and Auditing Career at Tecnica del Norte University." International conference of Digital Transformation and Innovation Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/Incodtrin51881.2020.00032.
Love, Nia, and Nadine Fry. 2006. "Accounting Students’ Perceptions of a Virtual Learning Environment: Springboard or Safety Net?" Accounting Education: an international journal 15 (2): 151–166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/06939280600609201.
Makhlouf, Mohammed Hassan Salem , and Rawand Alani. 2021. "COVID-19 and education: insights into the impact of E-learning on accounting education: evidence from Jordan." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-09-2021-0223.
Malan, Marelize. 2020. "Engaging students in a fully online accounting degree: An action research study." Accounting Education 29 (4): 321-339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2020.1787855.
Matt, Katie F. 2021. "Examining Student and Faculty Perception of Collaborative Learning in Online Accounting Courses." Doctor of Philosophy, State University of New York at Buffalo.
Megeid, Nevine Sobhy Abdel. 2014. "E-LEARNING VERSUS BLENDED LEARNING IN ACCOUNTING COURSES." The Quarterly Review of Distance Education 15 (2): 35-55.
Musleh Al-Sartawi, Abdalmuttaleb MA. 2020. "E-Learning Improves Accounting Education: Case of the Higher Education Sector of Bahrain." Information Systems: 17th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference, EMCIS 2020, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, November 25–26, 2020, Proceedings 17.
Myring, Mark, Jennifer P Bott, and Richard Edwards. 2014. "New approaches to online accounting education." The CPA Journal 84 (8): 66-71.
Olivier, Gareth. 2020. "Tertiary education going online." Accounting South Africa, 38-40.
Ontong, Juan M, and S Mbonambi. 2021. "AN EXPLORTORY STUDY OF FIRST-YEAR ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF THE TRANSITION TO EMERGENCY REMOTE TEACHING AT A RESIDENTIAL UNIVERSITY." South African Journal of Higher Education 35 (5): 256‒276. https://doi.org/10.20853/35-5-4174.
Palvia, Shailendra, Prageet Aeron, Parul Gupta, Diptiranjan Mahapatra, Ratri Parida, Rebecca Rosner, and Sumita Sindhi. 2018. "Online Education: Worldwide Status, Challenges, Trends, and Implications." Journal of Global Information Technology Management 21 (4): 233-241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.1542262. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.1542262.
Parte, Laura, and Teresa Herrador-Alcaide. 2021. "Teaching Disruption by COVID-19: Burnout, Isolation, and Sense of Belonging in Accounting Tutors in E-Learning and B-Learning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (19): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910339.
Pecka, Shannon L, Suhasini Kotcherlakota, and Ann M Berger. 2014. "Community of Inquiry Model: Advancing Distance Learning in Nurse Anesthesia Education." AANA Journal 82 (3).
Pellas, Nikolaos, and Ioannis Kazanidis. 2014. "The impact of computer self-efficacy, situational interest and academic self-concept in virtual communities of inquiry during the distance learning procedures through Second Life." World Wide Web 17: 695–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-013-0266-9.
Purwandari, Endina Putri, Kasiyah Junus, and Harry B Santoso. 2022. "Exploring E-Learning Community of Inquiry Framework for Engineering Education." International Journal of Instruction 15 (1): 619-632. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15135a.
Rachman, Andry Arifian, Rima Rachmawati, Mirna Dianita, Obsatar Sinaga, and Mohd Haizam Saudi. 2021. "Effectiveness of E-Learning as a Learning Model for Accounting Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic at Widyatama University Bandung." REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION 11 (6): 472-482. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.06.59.
Reshetnikova, Olga. 2020. "E-Learning as an Efficient Technology in Accounting Education." Academic Conferences International Limited: 445-451. https://doi.org/10.34190/EEL.20.041.
Reyneke, Yolande, and Christina Shuttleworth. 2018. "ACCOUNTING EDUCATION IN AN OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDIES FOR PERVASIVE SKILLS ENHANCEMENT." Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 19 (3).
Shuttleworth, Christina, and Yolande Reyneke. 2017. "Enhancing Accounting Students'Vocational Skills in Open Distance Learning (ODL)."
Sidiropoulou, Zoi , and Ilias Mavroidis. 2019. "The Relation Between the Three Dimensions of the Community of Inquiry and the Learning Styles of Students in a Distance Education Programme." iJET 14 (23). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i23.11564.
Stenbom, Stefan , Malin Jansson, and Annelie Hulkko. 2016. "Revising the Community of Inquiry Framework for the Analysis of One-To-One Online Learning Relationships." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 17 (3): 36–53. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2068.
Su Kyoung, Mo, and Lee Sangmi. 2017. "The Relationships among the Presences of Community of Inquiry and the Perceptions of EFL College Students in Online Learning." Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning 20 (2): 11-35. https://doi.org/10. 15702/mall.2017.20.2.11.
Swan, Karen , Don Randy Garrison, and Jennifer C Richardson. 2009. "Information Technology and Constructivism in Higher Education: Progressive learning Framework." In A contructivest approach to online learning: The community of inquiry framework. , edited by In C. P. Payne (Ed.), 43-57. Hershey, PA.
Tate, Stefanie, Alan Reinstein, and Natalie Tatiana Churyk. 2017. "The Impact of Online Education on Accounting Recruiting." THE CPA JOURNAL.
Terry, Gareth, Nikki Hayfield, Victoria Clarke, and Virginia Braun. 2017. "Thematic analysis." In The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology., edited by C. Willig and Stainton-Rogers W., 17-37. London: SAGE.
Van Rooyen, Annelien, and Jacobus Wessels. 2015. "Small Talk Versus Smart Talk: Providing Accounting Content and Emotional Support in a Distance Education Course." mLearn 2015, CCIS 560,. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25684-9_14.
Waddington, Andrew, and Shannon Porter. 2021. "Developing social presence in online learning among nurses: Exploration of the community of inquiry models domain of social using a qualitative descriptive design." Nurse Education in Practice 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103000.
Wagner, Jaroslav , and Křehnáčová. Aneta. 2021. "COERCED APPLICATION OF E-LEARNING IN THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING COURSE – CRITICAL REFLECTION."
Wentzel, Lenatha, and Kerry de Hart. 2020. "THE USE OF PODCASTS AND VIDEOCASTS BY TERTIARY ACCOUNTING STUDENTS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION." South African Journal of Higher Education 34 (1): 267‒287. https://doi.org/10.20853/34-1-2827.
Wilmot, Lanelle, and Carli Jonker. 2020. COVID-19’S IMPACT ON STUDENT LEARNING. Accessed 14 Apr. 2021.
Wong, Billy Tak-Ming, Kam Cheong Li, Beryl Yuen-Yee Wong, and Joseph Shiu-Wing Yau. 2017. "E-learning in Accounting Programmes in Hong Kong: Evolution and Effectiveness.".K.S. Cheung et al. (Eds.): ICBL 2017, LNCS 10309: 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59360-9_9.
---. 2019. "Evolution and effectiveness of e-learning in accounting education: the case of Hong Kong." International Journal Innovation and Learning 25 (2): 185–196.
Wong, Lily. 2012. "Student Attitudes towards E-Learning: The First Year Accounting Experience." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 9.
Yandra, Fachmi Pachlevi, Badr Alsolami, Ivana Oktarina Sopacua, and Wisnu Prajogo. 2021. "The role of community of inquiry and self-efficacy on accounting students’ satisfaction in online learning environment." Jurnul Siasat Bisnis 25 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol25.iss1.art1.
Yanto, Heri, Retnoningrum Hidayah, Ain Hajawiyah, Niswah Baroroh, and Agus Wibowo. 2021. "Developing operational accounting competencies during the pandemic using emergency online learning." Cogent Education 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1926405.
Yinghui, Zhang, and Chen Lin. 2021. "Current Situation and Reform Countermeasures of Accounting Specialty Teaching in Private Colleges Under the Background of Online Education." International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEIT53597.2021.00128.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-04

How to Cite

Marx, A., J. P. Fouché, Y. Heymans, and J. Pool. 2025. “Exploring the Nature of Communities of Inquiry in Undergraduate Accounting Education: A Systematic Literature Review”. South African Journal of Higher Education 39 (3):113-36. https://doi.org/10.20853/39-3-6335.

Issue

Section

General Articles