Engendering change: Feminist considerations of online conferencing as a safe space in the narratives of South Africa women academics during COVID-19

Keywords: COVID-19, higher education, online, women academics, Southern African Student Psychology Conference, collaborative autoethnography

Abstract

The digitisation of education that has deliberately reformed the pedagogical practices of tertiary education in the 21st century, rapidly transformed all aspects of academia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic conferences, as traditional sites of embodied knowledge production, were also impacted and virtual conferences were quickly adopted as socially responsible alternatives. As a component of contemporary academic work, conferencing is meant to foster networks of community and support deep learning but are most often criticised as sites that reproduce prevalent discriminatory academic hierarchies. The most common observations in gender analysis of conferencing report on inequalities of representation and the absence of women in key roles. As organisers of the Southern African Student Psychology Conference (SASPC), we explore our experiences organising our first online conference in the context of the pandemic. Unfortunately, very few researchers have considered the representative space of online forms of conferencing, and to date none reflect the experiences of women academics from South Africa. This article aims to extend these examinations of the gendered nature of academic conferencing by utilising Empowerment Theory (ET) to understand narrative reflections from three women academics and organisers of an online Southern African conference. Collaborative Autoethnography (CAE) served as a critical emancipatory tool for collectively gathering counter stories of our internalised oppression as marginalised women academics. Consequently, this article explicates the gendered dynamics of academia, as well as sustainable pedagogical possibilities for change that is engendered by technology through online spaces as important sites of agency and resistance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

B. R. Parry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria

Centre for Mediation in Africa (CMA)

J. K. Moodley, University of South Africa, Pretoria

Department of Psychology

I. Masisi , University of South Africa, Pretoria

Department of Psychology

References

Addison, Michelle, Maddie Breeze, and Yvette Taylor. 2022. The Palgrave handbook of imposter syndrome in higher education. Switzerland: Springer Nature.

Allen-Collinson, Jacquelyn and John C. Hockey. 2008. “Autoethnography as ‘valid’ methodology? A Study of disrupted identity narratives.” The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 3(6): 209‒217. https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3487/.

Almpanis, Timos and Paul Joseph-Richard. 2022. “Lecturing from home: Exploring academics’ experiences of remote teaching during a pandemic.” International Journal of Educational Research Open 3: 100133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100133.

Ammari, Tawafiq, Momina Nofal, Mustafa Naseem, and Marym Mustafa. 2022. “Moderation as Empowerment: Creating and Managing Women-Only Digital Safe Spaces.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6(313) (November): 1‒36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3555204.

Anderson, Dirndorfer Theresa and Ina Fourie. 2015. “Collaborative autoethnography as a way of seeing the experience of care giving as an information practice.” Information Research 20(1): 170‒182.

Anderson, Julie, Helen Goodall, and Sheila Trahar. 2020. “Women in powerful conversation: Collaborative autoethnography and academia.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 33(4): 393‒403.

Augustus, Jo. 2021. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Working in Higher Education.” Frontiers in Education May 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.648365.

Black, Alison L., Gail Crimmins, Rachael Dwyer, and Victoria Lister. 2020. “Engendering belonging: Thoughtful gatherings with/in online and virtual spaces.” Gender and Education 32(1) (October): 115‒129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2019.1680808.

Bowyer, Dorothea, Milissa Deitz, Anne Jamison, Chloe E. Taylor, Erika Gyengesi, Jaime Ross, Hollie Hammond, Anita Eseosa Ogbeide, and Tinashe Dune. 2021. “Academic mothers, professional identity and COVID-19: Feminist reflections on career cycles, progression and practice.” Gender, Work & Organization 29(1) (September): 309‒341. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12750.

Bray, Heather, Jennifer Stone, Lillith Litchfield, Kara L. Britt, John Hopper, and Wendy V. Ingman. 2022. “Together alone: Going online during covid-19 is changing scientific conferences.” Challenges 13(1) (February): 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe13010007.

Bullingham, Liam and Ana C. Vasconcelos. 2013. “‘The presentation of self in the online world’: Goffman and the study of online identities.” Journal of Information Science 39(1) (January): 101‒112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551512470051.

Burford, James, Agnes Bosanquet, and Jan Smith. 2020. “‘Homeliness meant having the f**king vacuum cleaner out’: The gendered labour of maintaining conference communities.” Gender and Education 32(1) (October): 86‒100. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2019.1680809.

Chang, Heewon. 2013. “Individual and collaborative autoethnography as method.” In Handbook of autoethnography, edited by Stacey Holan Jones, Tony E. Adams, and Carolyn Ellis, 107‒122. New York: Routledge.

Dashper, Katherine and Rebecca Finkel. 2021. “‘Doing gender’ in critical event studies: A dual agenda for research.” International Journal of Event and Festival Management 12(1) (December): 70‒84. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-03-2020-0014.

David, Eric John Ramos. 2014. Internalized oppression: The psychology of marginalized groups. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

El-Soussito, Amira. 2022. “The shift from face-to-face to online teaching due to COVID-19: Its impact on higher education faculty’s professional identity.” International Journal of Educational Research Open 3: 100139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100139.

França, Thais, Mara Vicente, Filipa Godinho, Beatriz Padilla, Ligia Amâncio, and Ana Fernandes Alexandre. 2023. “The cost of ‘care’ in neoliberal academia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Women academics, teaching and emotional labour.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 30(4) (October): 470‒485. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505068231205096.

Freire, P. 1985. “Reading the world and reading the word: An interview with Paulo Freire.” Language Arts 62(1): 15‒21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41405241.

Gordon, Hava Rachel, Kate Willink, and Keeley Hunter. 2022. “Invisible labor and the associate professor: Identity and workload inequity.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education (April). https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/dhe0000414.

Górska, Anna Maria, Karolina Kulicka, Zuzanna Staniszewska, and Dorota Dobija. 2021. “Deepening inequalities: What did COVID‐19 reveal about the gendered nature of academic work?” Gender, Work & Organization 28(4) (May): 1546‒1561. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12696.

Hedding, David W., Michelle Greve, Gregory D. Breetzke, Werner Nel, and Bettine Jansen van Vuuren. 2020. “COVID-19 and the academe in South Africa: Not business as usual.” South African Journal of Science 116(7/8) (July): 8298. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/8298.

Henderson, Emily F. 2018. “Academics in two places at once: (Not) managing caring responsibilities at conferences.” In Accessibility, inclusion, and diversity in critical event studies, edited by Rebecca Finkel, Briony Sharp, and Majella Sweeney, 218‒229. Abingdon: Routledge.

Hernandez, Kathy-Ann C., Heewon Chang, and Faith W. Ngunjiri. 2017. “Collaborative autoethnography as multivocal, relational, and democratic research: Opportunities, challenges, and aspirations.” Auto/Biography Studies 32(2): (April): 251‒254. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989575.2017.1288892.

Heslop, Gabriela, Juliana Bonilla-Velez, Erynne A. Faucett, and Cristina Cabrera-Muffly. 2023. “Understanding and Overcoming the Psychological Barriers to Diversity: Imposter Syndrome and Stereotype Threat.” Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports 11 (April): 63‒70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-023-00456-3.

Joseph, Rigaud. 2020. “The theory of empowerment: A critical analysis with the theory evaluation scale.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 30(2): 138‒157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1660294.

Kalia, Vivek, Ashok Srinivasan, Luke Wilkins, and Gary D. Luker. 2020. “Adapting scientific conferences to the realities imposed by COVID-19.” Radiology: Imaging Cancer 2(4) (June): e204020. https://doi.org/10.1148/rycan.2020204020.

Kriger, Samantha, Cyrill Walter, Armand Bam, and Jonathan Jansen. 2022. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Academics with Young Children in South Africa.” Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 6(3) (December): 142‒154. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v6i3.280.

Lapadat, Judith C. 2017. “Ethics in autoethnography and collaborative autoethnography.” Qualitative Inquiry 23(8): 589‒603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800417704462.

Llorens, Anaı¨s, Athina Tzovara, Ludovic Bellier, Illina Bhaya-Grossman, Aurelle Bidet-Caulet, William K. Chang, and Nina F. Dronkers. 2021. “Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions.” Neuron 109(13) (July): 2047‒2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.002.

Maphalala, Mncedisi Christian, and Olufemi Timothy Adigun. 2021. “Academics’ experience of implementing e-learning in a South African higher education institution.” International Journal of Higher Education 10(1) (September): 1‒13. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n1p1.

Monteiro, Sandra, Teresa M. Chan, and Renate Kahlke. 2023. “His opportunity, her burden: A narrative critical review of why women decline academic opportunities.” Medical Education 57(10) (June): 958‒970. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15141.

Moodley, Keymanthri and Amanda Gouws, A. 2020. “How women in academia are feeling the brunt of COVID-19.” The Conversation August 7. https://theconversation.com/how-women-in-academia-are-feeling-the-brunt-of-covid-19-144087.

Mpungose, Cedric Bheki. 2021. “Lecturers’ reflections on use of Zoom video conferencing technology for e-learning at a South African university in the context of coronavirus.” African Identities 21(2) (March): 266‒282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2021.1902268.

Muradoglu, Melis, Zachary Horne, Matthew D. Hammond, Sarah-Jane Leslie, and Andrei Cimpian. 2022. “Women ‒ particularly underrepresented minority women ‒ and early-career academics feel like impostors in fields that value brilliance.” Journal of Educational Psychology 114(5): 1086–1100. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000669.

Nadal, Kevin L., Rukiya King, D. R. Gina Sissoko, Nadia Floyd, and DeCarlos Hines. 2021. “The legacies of systemic and internalized oppression: Experiences of microaggressions, imposter phenomenon, and stereotype threat on historically marginalized groups.” New Ideas in Psychology 63: 100895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100895.

Newman, Christopher J. 2021. “Post-COVID-19 scientific conferences: Virtual becomes the new reality.” Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 63(5) (May): 493. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14823.

Ngunjiri, Faith Wambura, Kathy-Ann C. Hernandez, and Heewon Chang. 2010. “Living autoethnography: Connecting life and research.” Journal of Research Practice 6(1): E1‒E1.

Okdie, Bradley M., Rosanna E. Guadagno, Frank J. Bernieri, Andrew L. Geers, and Amber R. Mclarney-Vesotski. 2011. “Getting to know you: Face-to-face versus online interactions.” Computers in Human Behavior 27(1) (January): 153‒159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.017.

Olawale, Babawande Emmanuel, Bonginkosi Hardy Mutongoza, Emmanuel Olusola Adu, and Bunmi Isaiah Omodan. 2021. “COVID-19 induced psychosocial challenges in South African higher education: Experiences of staff and students at two rural universities.” Research in Social Sciences and Technology 6(3) (November): 179‒193. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2021.37.

Ong, Maria, Janet M. Smith, and Lily T. Ko. 2018. “Counterspaces for women of color in STEM higher education: Marginal and central spaces for persistence and success.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 55 (August): 206‒245. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21417.

Parry, Bianca R. and Errolyn Gordon. 2021. “The shadow pandemic: Inequitable gendered impacts of COVID-19 in South Africa.” Gender, Work & Organization 28(2) (October): 795‒806. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12565.

Pedaste, Margus and Meriliis Kasemets. 2021. “Challenges in organizing online conferences: Lessons of the COVID-19 era.” Educational Technology & Society 24(1) (January): 92–104. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26977859.

Perkins, Douglas D. and Marc A. Zimmerman. 1995. “Empowerment theory, research, and application.” American Journal of Community Psychology 23: 569‒579. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506982.

Raymond, Zaakira and Hugo Canham. 2022. “Women’s refusal of racial patriarchy in South African academia.” Gender and Education 34(8) (July): 991‒1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2022.2101201.

Reinhard, Daniel, Mark C. Stafford, and Troy C. Payne. 2021. “COVID-19 and academia: Considering the future of academic conferencing.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 32(2) (January): 171‒185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2020.1871047.

Rickett, Bridgette and Anna Morris. 2021. “‘Mopping up tears in the academy’ – working-class academics, belonging, and the necessity for emotional labour in UK academia.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 42(1) (October): 87‒101. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2020.1834952.

Sá, Maria Jose, Carlos Miguel Ferreira, and Sandro Serpa. 2019. “Virtual and face-to-face academic conferences: Comparison and potentials.” Journal of Educational and Social Research 9(2) (May): 35‒47.

Smith, Sally, Kris Plum, Ella Taylor-Smith, and Khristin Fabian. 2022. “An exploration of academic identity through the COVID-19 pandemic.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 46(9) (May): 1290‒1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2072194.

Social Sciences Feminist Network Research Interest Group. 2017. “The burden of invisible work in academia: Social inequalities and time use in five university departments.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations 39(39): 228‒245. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007882.

Suler, John R. 2002. “Identity management in cyberspace.” Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 4: 455‒459. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020392231924.

Toffoletti, Kim and Karen Starr. 2016. “Women academics and work-life balance: Gendered discourses of work and care.” Gender, Work & Organization 23(5) (June): 489‒504. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12133.

Ursin, Jani, Katja Vähäsantanen, Lynn McAlpine, and Päivi Hökkä. 2020. “Emotionally loaded identity and agency in Finnish academic work.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 44(3) (December): 311‒325. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1541971.

Veugelers, W. 2017. “The moral in Paulo Freire’s educational work: What moral education can learn from Paulo Freire.” Journal of Moral Education 46(4): 412‒421. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2017.1363599.

Wallerstein, N. 1993. “Empowerment and health: The theory and practice of community change.” Community Development Journal 28(3): 218–227. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44257078.

Walters, Trudie. 2018. “Gender equality in academic tourism, hospitality, leisure and events conferences.” Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 10(1) (November): 17‒32. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1403165.

Walters, Cyrill, Graeme G. Mehl, Patritzio Piraino, Jonathan D. Jansen, and Samantha Kriger. 2022. “The impact of the pandemic-enforced lockdown on the scholarly productivity of women academics in South Africa.” Research Policy 51(1) (January): 104403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104403.

Woodruff, Phillip, Christopher J. D. Wallis, Peter Albers, and Zachary Klaassen. 2021. “Virtual conferences and the COVID-19 pandemic: Are we missing out with an online only platform?” European Urology 80(2) (August): 127‒128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.03.019.

Zulu, Ncamisile Thumile. 2022. “Black Women Professors in South African Universities: Advancing Social Justice.” In Social Justice and Education in the 21st Century. Diversity and Inclusion Research, edited by Willie Pearson Jr. and Vijay Reddy. New York: Springer.

Published
2024-06-22
How to Cite
Parry, B. R., J. K. Moodley, and I. Masisi. 2024. “Engendering Change: Feminist Considerations of Online Conferencing As a Safe Space in the Narratives of South Africa Women Academics During COVID-19”. South African Journal of Higher Education 38 (3), 193-210. https://doi.org/10.20853/38-3-6333.