Opportunities and challenges of generative artificial intelligence supporting research in African classrooms
Keywords:
Generative artificial intelligence, research support, teaching, Africa, capability approach
Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools have sparked debates in the education sector prompting researchers to explore their desirability and potential in education. This paper acknowledges generative AI’s potential to support the delivery of teaching, learning and research in the higher education emphasising its ability to improve student writing quality as well as academic productivity, success rate, and independence. However, responsible use of these AI tools to support research is also crucial. Furthermore, the challenges associate with AI tool use, especially accessibility and usage in the African context, are recognised. For instance, ethical challenges relating to (mis)use of AI because no or inadequate policy regulations have been implemented. In addition, there are technical and structural challenges relating to connectivity, power outages, device access and technical know-how. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with using AI tools to support research in African Higher Education classrooms. For the study, a qualitative systematic literature review was applied to two articles using thematic analysis from a final selection of 29 articles. Findings indicated that generative AI tools could enhance student writing skills and increase productivity. Additionally, they could lead to research autonomy, improved writing proficiency, quality, and academic throughput. Shortcomings included AI misuse, knowledge deficiencies, and infrastructural challenges preventing AI access. Additionally, inadequate regulations relating to using generative AI tools for learning and teaching were a further challenge. It is essential to address the ethical concerns, invest in skills development and promote equitable digital access, especially in Africa, where this is limited. In addition, the capability approach revealed how the digital divide limited the adoption of generative AI tools in Africa.
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References
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Murillo, Gabriel García, Pavel Novoa-Hernández, and Rocío Serrano Rodríguez. 2021. "Technology Acceptance Model and Moodle: A systematic mapping study." Information Development 37 (4): 617-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666920959367.
Nsolly, Bert Ngajie, and Marie Charlotte Ngo. 2016. "Integration of ICTs into the curriculum of Cameroon primary and secondary schools: A review of current status, barriers and proposed strategies for effective Integration." International Journal of Education and Development using ICT 12 (1).
Omorogiuwa, O., K. Ohiagu, and K.H. Lawal. 2023. "Towards The Review of Artificial Intelligence Programme Curriculum and Effective Collaborations Among Academia for AI Programme Development in Africa." Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology 11 (1): 1-14. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/DIGITAL/V11N1P1x.
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Antonenko, Pavlo, and Brian Abramowitz. 2023. "In-service teachers’ (mis)conceptions of artificial intelligence in K-12 science education." Journal of Research on Technology in Education 55 (1): 64-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2119450.
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Chen, Xieling, Haoran Xie, Di Zou, and Gwo-Jen Hwang. 2020. "Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education." Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 1: 100002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002.
Chiware, Elisha RT, and Deborah Anne Becker. 2018. "Research data management services in southern Africa: a readiness survey of academic and research libraries." African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science 28 (1): 1-16.
Chounta, Irene-Angelica, Emanuele Bardone, Aet Raudsep, and Margus Pedaste. 2022. "Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence as a Tool to Support their Practice in Estonian K-12 Education." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 32 (3): 725-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00243-5.
Cisse, Moustapha. 2018. "Look to Africa to advance artificial intelligence." Nature 562 (7728): 461-462.
Davis, Fred D. 1989. "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology." MIS Quarterly 13 (3): 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008.
DistillerSR. 2023. How many studies should be included in a systematic review. About Systematic Reviews.
Dwivedi, Yogesh K., Nir Kshetri, Laurie Hughes, Emma Louise Slade, Anand Jeyaraj, Arpan Kumar Kar, et al. Ryan Wright. 2023. "Opinion Paper: “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy." International Journal of Information Management 71: 102642. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642.
Eke, Damian Okaibedi. 2023. "ChatGPT and the rise of generative AI: Threat to academic integrity?" Journal of Responsible Technology 13: 100060. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2023.100060.
Eke, Damian Okaibedi, Kutoma Wakunuma, and Simisola Akintoye. 2023. Responsible AI in Africa: Challenges and Opportunitieshttps://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/60787.
Essel, Harry Barton, Dimitrios Vlachopoulos, Dickson Adom, and Akosua Tachie-Menson. 2021. "Transforming higher education in Ghana in times of disruption: Flexible learning in rural communities with high latency internet connectivity." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 15 (2): 296-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-08-2020-0151.
Fitria, Tira Nur. 2021. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN EDUCATION: USING AI TOOLS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS." Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper STIE AAS 4 (1): 134 - 147. https://prosiding.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/prosenas/article/view/106.
Gigler, Bjorn-Soren. 2004. "Including the Excluded-Can ICTs empower poor communities? Towards an alternative evaluation framework based on the capability approach." 4th International conference on the capability approach.
Goldenthal, Emma, Jennifer Park, Sunny X. Liu, Hannah Mieczkowski, and Jeffrey T. Hancock. 2021. "Not All AI are Equal: Exploring the Accessibility of AI-Mediated Communication Technology." Computers in Human Behavior 125: 106975. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106975.
Granić, Andrina, and Nikola Marangunić. 2019. "Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review." British Journal of Educational Technology 50 (5): 2572-2593.
Gwagwa, Authur, Erika Kraemer-Mbula, Nagla Rizk, Isaac Rutenberg, and Jeremy De Beer. 2020. "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Deployments in Africa: Benefits, Challenges and Policy Dimensions." The African Journal of Information and Communication (AJIC) (26). https://doi.org/10.23962/10539/30361.
Hodgson, David, Sophie Goldingay, Jennifer Boddy, Sharlene Nipperess, and Lynelle Watts. 2021. "Problematising Artificial Intelligence in Social Work Education: Challenges, Issues and Possibilities." The British Journal of Social Work 52 (4): 1878-1895. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab168.
Hooda, Monika, Chhavi Rana, Omdev Dahiya, Ali Rizwan, and Md Shamim Hossain. 2022. "Artificial Intelligence for Assessment and Feedback to Enhance Student Success in Higher Education." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022: 5215722. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5215722.
Kiemde, Sountongnoma Martial Anicet, and Ahmed Dooguy Kora. 2022. "Towards an ethics of AI in Africa: rule of education." AI and Ethics 2 (1): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00106-8.
Kopalle, Praveen K., Manish Gangwar, Andreas Kaplan, Divya Ramachandran, Werner Reinartz, and Aric Rindfleisch. 2022. "Examining artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in marketing via a global lens: Current trends and future research opportunities." International Journal of Research in Marketing 39 (2): 522-540. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2021.11.002.
Lopezosa, Carlos, Lluís Codina, Carles Pont-Sorribes, and Mari Vállez. 2023. "Use of generative artificial intelligence in the training of journalists: challenges, uses and training proposal." Profesional de la información 32 (4).
Luckin, Rosemary, and Mutlu Cukurova. 2019. "Designing educational technologies in the age of AI: A learning sciences‐driven approach." British Journal of Educational Technology 50 (6): 2824-2838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12861.
Lv, Zhihan. 2023. "Generative artificial intelligence in the metaverse era." Cognitive Robotics 3: 208-217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogr.2023.06.001.
Murillo, Gabriel García, Pavel Novoa-Hernández, and Rocío Serrano Rodríguez. 2021. "Technology Acceptance Model and Moodle: A systematic mapping study." Information Development 37 (4): 617-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666920959367.
Nsolly, Bert Ngajie, and Marie Charlotte Ngo. 2016. "Integration of ICTs into the curriculum of Cameroon primary and secondary schools: A review of current status, barriers and proposed strategies for effective Integration." International Journal of Education and Development using ICT 12 (1).
Omorogiuwa, O., K. Ohiagu, and K.H. Lawal. 2023. "Towards The Review of Artificial Intelligence Programme Curriculum and Effective Collaborations Among Academia for AI Programme Development in Africa." Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology 11 (1): 1-14. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/DIGITAL/V11N1P1x.
Pillay, N. 18 November 2018 2018. Artificial intelligence for Africa: An opportunity for growth, development, and democratization. University of Pretoria (Pretoria). https://accesspartnership.com/artificial-intelligence-for-africa-an-opportunity-for-growth-development-and-democratisation/.
Ponelis, Shana R., and Marlene A. Holmner. 2015. "ICT in Africa: Building a Better Life for All." Information Technology for Development 21 (2): 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1010307.
Qadir, J. 2023. "Engineering Education in the Era of ChatGPT: Promise and Pitfalls of Generative AI for Education." 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 1-4 May 2023.
Sandu, Raj, Shakir Karim, and Mahesh Kayastha. 2021. "E-learning challenges using zoom and application of artificial intelligence to improve learning in australia higher education institutes." Proceedings of the Part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, Virtual.
Sanusi, Ismaila Temitayo, Sunday Adewale Olaleye, Solomon Sunday Oyelere, and Raymond A. Dixon. 2022. "Investigating learners’ competencies for artificial intelligence education in an African K-12 setting." Computers and Education Open 3: 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100083.
Sanusi, Ismaila Temitayo, Solomon Sunday Oyelere, and Joseph Olamide Omidiora. 2022. "Exploring teachers' preconceptions of teaching machine learning in high school: A preliminary insight from Africa." Computers and Education Open 3: 100072. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100072.
Schoeman, Willie, Rory Moore, Yusof Seedat, and Jeff Yu-Jen Chen. 2021. Artificial intelligence: Is South Africa ready? Gordon Institute of Business Science
University of Pretoria (Pretoria). https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/82719.
Sen, Amartya. 1990. "Development as capability expansion." The community development reader 41: 58.
Shipepe, A., L. Uwu-Khaeb, E. A. Kolog, M. Apiola, K. Mufeti, and E. Sutinen. 2021. "Towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Namibia: An Undergraduate AI Course Africanized." 2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 13-16 Oct. 2021.
Singh, M. 2023. "Maintaining the Integrity of the South African University: The Impact of ChatGPT on Plagiarism and Scholarly Writing." South African Journal of Higher Education 37 (5): 203-220. https://doi.org/10.20853/37-5-5941.
UNESCO, Miao Fengchun, and Holmes Wayne. 2023. Guidance for generative AI in education and research. Notes: Includes bibliography. France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
Valentine, Jeffrey C., Therese D. Pigott, and Hannah R. Rothstein. 2010. "How Many Studies Do You Need?:A Primer on Statistical Power for Meta-Analysis." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 35 (2): 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3102/1076998609346961.
Venkatesh, Viswanath, and Fred D. Davis. 1996. "A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test." Decision sciences 27 (3): 451-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00860.x.
Walczak, Krzysztof, and Wojciech Cellary. 2023. "Challenges for higher education in the era of widespread access to Generative AI." Economics and Business Review 9 (2): 71 - 100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.2.743.
Wang, Ting, Brady D. Lund, Agostino Marengo, Alessandro Pagano, Nishith Reddy Mannuru, Zoë A. Teel, and Jenny Pange. 2023. "Exploring the Potential Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on International Students in Higher Education: Generative AI, Chatbots, Analytics, and International Student Success." Applied Sciences 13 (11): 6716. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6716.
Yang, Tzu-Chi. 2023. "Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Analysis and Assessment of Digital Competence in University Courses." Educational Technology & Society 26 (1): 232-243. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48707979.
Yilmaz, Ramazan, and Fatma Gizem Karaoglan Yilmaz. 2023. "Augmented intelligence in programming learning: Examining student views on the use of ChatGPT for programming learning." Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 1 (2): 100005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100005.
Published
2025-07-04
How to Cite
Modiba, F. S., A. Van den Berg, and S. Mago. 2025. “Opportunities and Challenges of Generative Artificial Intelligence Supporting Research in African Classrooms”. South African Journal of Higher Education 39 (3), 173-93. https://doi.org/10.20853/39-3-6272.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Florah Sewela Modiba, Amnada van den Berg, Stephen Mago
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