Gender equity in leading a South African private higher education institution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20853/39-5-5776Keywords:
gender equity, leadership, private higher education, women leaders, policyAbstract
There is a scarcity of research focusing on gender equity in higher education leadership in the African context or reference to the standing of gender equity in the private higher education institution. Thus, this study sought to explore gender equity in leading a South African private higher education institution. Using a generic qualitative research approach, data collection was undertaken using semi-structured interviews, and a focus group with eight institutional leaders from a South African private higher education institution. The data from the study revealed that gender stereotypes persist in private higher education institutions, defining which roles women must hold and how they must be managed and regarded inside the institution. As demonstrated by the study's findings, there is no clear policy on leadership appointments, which leads to unfair practices in selecting leaders, such as an old boys club that advances male leaders. As a result, defining leadership and its responsibilities and context becomes significant. It is recommended that South African private higher education institutions establish a comprehensive, transparent policy on leadership and the support thereof, recognising the dual track faced by women in the policy to advance gender equity in the leading of these institutions.
Downloads
References
Abalkhail, J. M. 2017. “Women and leadership: Challenges and opportunities in Saudi higher education”. Career Development International, 22(2): 165–183. doi:10.1108/CDI-03-2016-0029
Aiston, S. J., and C. K. Fo. 2021. “The silence/ing of academic women”. Gender and Education, 33(2): 138–155. doi:10.1080/09540253.2020.1716955
Akala, B. M. 2018.” Challenging gender equality in South African transformation policies‒a case of the white paper: a programme for the transformation of higher education”. South African Journal of Higher Education, 32(3): 226‒248. doi: 10.20853/32-3-1521
Alan, S., S. Ertac, E. Kubilay, and G. Loranth. 2020. “Understanding gender differences in leadership”. The Economic Journal, 130(626): 263–289. doi:10.1093/ej/uez050
Biwa, V. 2021. “African feminisms and co-constructing a collaborative future with men: Namibian women in mining’s discourses”. Management Communication Quarterly, 35(1): 43–68. doi:10.1177/0893318920973988
Burnett, C., and N. A.A. Adom-Aboagye,. 2019. “Society and gender equity in sport: analysis from a South African perspective”. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES), 25(3): 296–312. doi:10.10520/EJC-1907c59b3d
Buzzanell, P. M. 2021. “Reflections on feminist organizational communication”. Management Communication Quarterly, 35(1): 127–141. doi:10.1177/0893318920975211
Chitsamatanga, B. B., and W. Malinga. 2021.” Coronavirus (COVID-19) and women in higher education in a South African University: Academic and social implications”. African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa), 10(1): 7–34. doi:10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n1a1
Cruz, J. 2015. “Reimagining feminist organizing in global times: Lessons from African feminist communication”. Women and Language, 38(1): 23–41. doi:10.1177/1350508414527254
Deem, R., L. Morley, L and A. Tlili. 2005. Negotiating equity in higher education institutions: A case-study analysis of policies and staff experiences. Retrieved from http://www.core.ac.uk/download/files/161/4155565
Derks, B., C. van Laar, and N . “Ellemers. 2016. The queen bee phenomenon: Why women leaders distance themselves from junior women”. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3): 456–469. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.12.007
Diezmann, C., and S. Grieshaber. (Eds.) 2019. Women professors: Who makes it and how? Singapore: Springer.
Eagly, A. H., and Carli, L. L. 2007. Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Ekpa, A. A. 2000. “Beyond gender warfare and Western ideologies” In E. N. Emonyonu (Ed.), Goatskin bags and wisdom: New critical perspectives of African literature (pp. 27–38). Trenton, NJ: African World Press.
Fitzgerald, T. 2020. “Mapping the terrain of leadership: Gender and leadership in higher education”, Irish Educational Studies, 39(2): 221–232. doi:10.1080/03323315.2020.1729222
Jones-Goodwin, J. E. 2020. Women mid-level managers in higher education: A study of inequity in higher education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Karadag, N. 2018. “Determining the difficulties female managers experience in higher education and the factors supporting them”. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 13(3): 74–88. doi: 10.29329/epasr.2018.150.4
Kele, T., and J. Pietersen. 2015. “Women leaders in a South African higher education institution: Narrations of their leadership operations”. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(5): 11‒15. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/51248
Khunou, G. 2018. Report of the ministerial task team on the recruitment, retention and progression of black South African academics. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Higher Education and Training.
Kim, J., and M. E. Wiggins. 2011. “Family-friendly human resource policy: Is it still working in the public sector?”. Public Administration Review, 71(5): 728–39. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02412.x
Krause, S. F. 2017. Leadership: Underrepresentation of women in higher education (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Northcentral University, California. Retrieved from https://www.une.edu/sites/default/files/leadership_underrepresentation_of_women_in_higher_education.pdf
Kunene, A. 2018. “A Stellenbosch University# FeesMustFall Herstory: Reflections of a So-Called Radical Black Intersectional Feminist". Politeia, 37(2): 1‒14.doi: 10.25159/0256-8845/4677
Madera, J. M., L. Ng, J. M. Sundermann, and M. Hebl. (2019). “Top management gender diversity and organizational attraction: When and why it matters”. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 7(1), 90. doi:10.1037/arc0000060
Maposa, A., and Mugabe, M. J. 2013. “’To be or not to be’: The plight of female educational leaders in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe”. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4): 1–15. Retrieved from http://www.onlineresearchjournals.com/aajoss/art/119.pdf
McReynolds Palmer, E. 2014. “Letters to grandma: A comparison of generational perspectives of women’s growth as higher education faculty”. The Qualitative Report, 19(10): 1–10. doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1262
Merchant, K. 2012. How men and women differ: Gender differences in communication styles, influence tactics, and leadership styles (Unpublished master’s thesis). Claremont Mckenna College, Claremont, California. Retrieved from: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1521&context=cmc_theses
Mestry, R., and M. Schmidt. 2012. “A feminist postcolonial examination of female principals' experiences in South African secondary schools”. Gender and Education, 24(5): 535–551. doi:10.1080/09540253.2011.628926
Moodly, A., and N. M. Toni. 2017. “Accessing higher education leadership: Towards a framework for women’s professional development”. South African Journal of Higher Education, 31(3): 138–153. doi:10.20853/31-3-917
Moodly, A. L., and N. Toni. 2019. “Do institutional cultures serve as impediments for women’s advancement towards leadership in South African higher education?”. South African Journal of Higher Education, 33(3): 176–191. doi:10.20853/33-3-3137
Morley, L. 2005. “Sounds, silences and contradictions: Gender equity in British Commonwealth higher education”. Australian Feminist Studies, 20(46): 109–119. doi:10.1080/0816464042000334573
Moyo, Z., and J. Perumal. 2020. “A systematic review of research on women leading and managing education in Zimbabwe”. Gender & Behaviour, 18(2): 15688–15709. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/article/view/198193
Obers, N. 2014. “Career success for women academics in higher education: choices and challenges”: Part 2: HELTASA 2012 Special Section. South African Journal of Higher Education, 28(3): 1107–1122. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC159132
Odhiambo, G. 2011. “Women and higher education leadership in Kenya: A critical analysis”. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(6): 667–678. doi:10.1080/1360080X.2011.621192
Özkanlı, Ö., M. de Lourdes Machado, K. White, P. O’Connor, S. Riordan, and J. Neale. 2009. “Gender and management in HEIs: Changing organisational and management structures”. Tertiary Education and Management, 15(3): 241–257. doi:10.1080/13583880903073008
Peterson, H. 2016. “Is managing academics “women’s work”? Exploring the glass cliff in higher education management”. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 44(1): 112–127. doi: 10.1177/1741143214563897
Redmond, P., H. Gutke, L. Galligan, A. Howard, and T. Newman. 2017. “Becoming a female leader in higher education: investigations from a regional university”. Gender and Education, 29(3): 332–351. doi:10.1080/09540253.2016.1156063
Ross, Y. O. 2018. The road less traveled: A phenomenological study of obstacles for women advancing in academia (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). St. Thomas University, Florida. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/4ab78c36ae8d673fff2414c8fdcedb0e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Sabharwal, M. 2015. “From glass ceiling to glass cliff: Women in senior executive service”. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(2): 399–426. doi:10.1093/jopart/mut030
Seale, O., P. Fish, and B. Schreiber. 2021. “Enabling and empowering women in leadership in South African universities–Assessing needs and designing a response”. Management in Education, 1–10. doi:10.1177/0892020620981951
Sebola, M. 2015. “Achieving gender equity in leadership of South African institutions of higher learning: Is woman empowerment mission impossible in universities?”. International Journal of Higher Education Management, 2(1): 70–82. Retrieved from https://cberuk.com/cdn/conference_proceedings/v6%20n5%20bmr%2016.pdf
Shamase, M. Z. 2017. “A theoretical exposition of feminism and womanism in African context”.. Gender & Behaviour, 15(2): 9210–9222. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/article/view/163406
Shepherd, S. 2017. “Why are there so few female leaders in higher education: A case of structure or agency?”. Management in Education, 31(2): 82–87. doi:10.1177/0892020617696631
Simon, S., and Hoyt, C. L. 2021. “Gender and leadership”.. In P. G. Northouse (Ed.), Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.) (pp. 394‒421). Los Angeles: Sage.
Skinner, M., N. Betancourt, and C. Wolff-Eisenberg. 2021. “The disproportionate impact of the pandemic on women and caregivers in academia”. ITHAKA S+R. doi: 10.18665/sr.315147
Townsend, C. V. 2019. Advancing African American women in public higher education: A phenomenological study of recruitment, retention, and career ascension (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Northwest Nazarene University, Idaho. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/4ab78c36ae8d673fff2414c8fdcedb0e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2021. Women in higher education: Has the female advantage put an end to gender inequalities. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/en/2021/03/10/has-the-female-advantage-put-an-end-to-gender-inequalities-a-report-and-a-debate-seek-to-provide-an-answer/
WEF (World Economic Forum). 2021. Global gender gap report 2021: Insight report March 2021. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2021.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Carike Verbooy , Zvisinei Moyo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal is an open access journal, and the authors and journal should be properly acknowledged, when works are cited.
Authors, copyright holders, may use the publishers version for teaching purposes, in books, theses, dissertations, conferences and conference papers.
A copy of the authors' publishers version may also be hosted on the following websites:
- Non-commercial personal homepage or blog.
- Institutional webpage.
- Authors Institutional Repository.
The following notice should accompany such a posting on the website: This is an electronic version of an article published in SAJHE, Volume XXX, number XXX, pages XXX “XXX", DOI. Authors should also supply a hyperlink to the original paper or indicate where the original paper (http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/SAJHE) may be found.
Authors publishers version, affiliated with the Stellenbosch University will be automatically deposited in the University Institutional Repository SUNScholar.
Articles as a whole, may not be re-published with another journal.
The following license applies:
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 4.0