Student sense of belonging and its impacts on help seeking behaviour
Keywords:
academic help-seeking, help-seeking hesitancy, self-regulated learning, belonging, student success
Abstract
Entering higher education can be an alienating experience leading to institutional and systemic drop out. Academic help-seeking behaviour as a self-regulated learning strategy is one way to counteract this. But help-seeking can be enabled or hindered by several factors including a student’s sense of belonging. In this study we attempted to understand how issues of belonging impact on student help-seeking behaviour and, if they are positively related, how institutions of higher education might promote a greater sense of belonging. We collected a total of 818 student submissions from students in an academic recovery programme. Our thematic analysis of these submissions revealed that students did feel a lack of belonging leading to help-seeking hesitancy. We also captured students’ voices to understand what conditions would enable a greater sense of belonging and we make recommendations on how institutions may work to create these conditions for students and thereby empower their help-seeking behaviour.
References
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Anant, Santokh S. 1967. “Belongingness and Mental Health: Some Research Findings.” Acta Psychologica 26: 391–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(67)90035-2
Andrews, Gavin, Cathy Issakidis, and Greg Carter. 2001. “Shortfall in Mental Health Service Utilisation.” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179 (5): 417–25. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.5.417
Antwerpen, Sumei van. 2015. “The Quality of Teaching and Learning of BCom Honours Degree Students at an Open Distance Learning University in South Africa.” Africa Education Review 12 (4): 680–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2015.1112159.
Bass, Janice, Caroline Walters, Jocelyn Toohill, and Mary Sidebotham. 2016. “Promoting Retention, Enabling Success: Discovering the Potential of Student Support Circles. Nurse Education in Practice.” Midwifery Education in Practice. 20:109–16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595316300579.
Benham-Hutchins, Marge, and Thomas R. Clancy. 2010. “Social Networks as Embedded Complex Adaptive Systems.” Journal of Nursing Administration, 40 (9): 352–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181ee42bc.
Bornschlegl, Madeleine, Kathryn Meldrum, and Nerina J. Caltabiano. 2020. "Variables related to academic help‐seeking behaviour in higher education–Findings from a multidisciplinary perspective." Review of Education, 8 (2): 486-522. https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/
Brown, Denise, John A. Barry, and Brenda K. Todd. 2021. "Barriers to academic help-seeking: The relationship with gender-typed attitudes." Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45 (3): 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1774049
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1997. “The Forms of Capital.” In Education: Culture, Economy, Society, edited by A H Halsey, Lauder H, P Brown, and S A Wells. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Businesstech, 2020 https://businesstech.co.za/news/internet/452208/government-to-take-south-africas-universities-online-as-student-marks-improve/
Council on Higher Education (South Africa). 2013. “A Proposal for Undergraduate Curriculum Reform in South Africa: The Case for a Flexible Curriculum Structure.” Report of the Task Team on Undergraduate Curriculum Structure. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/266822.
Croxon, Lynette, and Catherine Maginnis. 2006. “Total Learning Environment and the Implications for Rural Student Nurse Retention.” Australian Journal of Rural Health 14 (3): 132–33.
Department of Higher Education and Training. 1997. Education White Paper 3: A Programme for Higher Education TransformationTitle.
Dunley, Paige, and Andrew Papadopoulos. 2019. “Why Is It So Hard to Get Help? Barriers to Help-Seeking in Postsecondary Students Struggling with Mental Health Issues: A Scoping Review.” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 17 (3): 699–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0029-z.
Erlbaum, L. 2013. Help Seeking in Academic Settings: Goals, Groups, and Contexts. Edited by Stuart A. Karabenick and Richard S. Newman. INC.Publisher.
Fallon, Barry J., and Terry Bowles. 1999. “Adolescent Help-Seeking for Major and Minor problems.” Australian Journal of Psychology 51: 12–18.
Frey, Nancy, Douglas Fisher, and Sandi Everlove. 2009. "Productive group work: How to engage students, build teamwork, and promote understanding. ASCD.
Fouche, Ilse, and Grant Andrews. 2022. “Working from Home Is One Major Disaster”: An Analysis of Student Feedback at a South African University during the Covid-19 Lockdown.” Education and Information Technologies, 27(1): 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10652-7.
Garriott, Patton O., Trisha L. Raque-Bogdan, Kim Yalango, Kathryn Schaefer Ziemer, and Jared Utley. 2017. “Intentions to Seek Counseling in First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College Students.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 64 (4): 432–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000210.
Graham, Cameron W., and Zack Moir. 2022. “Belonging to the University or Being in the World: From Belonging to Relational Being.” Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice 19 (4). https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol19/iss4/04/.
Gulliver, Amelia, Kathleen M. Griffiths, and Helen Christensen. 2010. “Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Help-Seeking in Young People: A Systematic Review.” BMC Psychiatry 10: 1–9. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244x-10-113.
Hagen, P. L., and Jordan, P. 2008. “Theoretical Foundations of Advising.” In Academic Advising: A Comprehensive Handbook, edited by VN Gordon, WR Habley, and TJ Grites, 2nd ed., 17–35. Manhattan, Kansas: National academic advising association.
Healey, Kaleen, and Chloe Stroman. 2021. “Structures for Belonging: A Synthesis of Research on Belonging-Supportive Learning Environments.” Student Experience Research Network (SERN).
Hom, Melanie A., Ian H. Stanley, and Thomas E. Joiner Jr. 2015. “Evaluating Factors and Interventions That Influence Help-Seeking and Mental Health Service Utilization among Suicidal Individuals: A Review of the Literature.” Clinical Psychology Review 40: 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.006.
Hutson, Bryant. L. 2010. “The Impact of an Appreciative Advising‐based University Studies Course on College Student First‐year Experience.” Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, January. http://jarhe.research.glam.ac.uk.
Kane, Suzanne, David Chalcraft, and Guglielmo Volpe. 2014. “Notions of Belonging: First Year, First Semester Higher Education Students Enrolled on Business or Economics Degree Programmes.” The International Journal of Management Education, 12 (2): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.04.001.
Karabenick, Stuart A. 2004. “Perceived Achievement Goal Structure and College Student Help Seeking.” Journal of Educational Psychology 96 (3): 569. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.569.
Karabenick, Stuart. A., and Gonida, E. N. 2017. Academic Help Seeking as a Self-Regulated Learning Strategy. 2nd Edition. New York: Current Issues, Future Directions. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048.
Karabenick, Stuart A., and John R. Knapp. 1991. “Relationship of Academic Help Seeking to the Use of Learning Strategies and Other Instrumental Achievement Behavior in College Students.” Journal of Educational Psychology 83 (2): 221. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.2.221.
Kauer, Sylvia Deidre, Cheryl Mangan, and Lena Sanci. 2014. “Do Online Mental Health Services Improve Help- Seeking for Young People? a Systematic Review.” Journal of medical Internet research 16, no. 3, e66: 1-18.
Kift, Sally. 2004. "Organising first year engagement around learning: Formal and informal curriculum intervention." In 8th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference Proceedings, pp. 1-19. QUT.
Krishnakumar, Sandeep, Torsten Maier, Catherine Berdanier, Sarah Ritter, Christopher McComb, and Jessica Menold. 2022. “Using Workplace Thriving Theory to Investigate First‐year Engineering Students’ Abilities to Thrive during the Transition to Online Learning Due to COVID‐19.” Journal of Engineering Education, January, 474–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20447.
Kumalo, Siseko H., and Vasu Reddy. 2021. “Precarious Authority and the Future of the University.” In University on the Border: Crises of Authority and Precarity, edited by Lis Lange, Vasu Reddy, and Siseko H, 173–200. https://www.usaf.ac.za/wp-
Le Roux, Adre, and Emma Groenewald. 2021. “The Elusiveness of a Sense of Place-Belonging: One Student’s Struggle on a Diverse South African Campus.” Issues in Educational Research 31 (3): 854–70. https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.190982287832868.
Li, Wenjing, Diana S. Dorstyn, and Linley A. Denson. 2014. Psychosocial correlates of college students’ help-seeking intention: A meta-analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(3), 163–170.
Maslow, Abraham Harold. 1987. Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Pearson Education.
Maunder, Rachel E. 2018. “Students’ Peer Relationships and Their Contribution to University Adjustment: The Need to Belong in the University Community.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 42: 756–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1311996.
McMillan, David W., and David M. Chavis. 1986. "Sense of community: A definition and theory." Journal of community psychology 14 (1): 6-23
Meehan, Catherine, and Kristy Howells. 2019. “In Search of the Feeling of ‘Belonging’ in Higher Education: Undergraduate Students Transition into Higher Education.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 43 (10): 1376–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1490702.
Nobiling, Brandye D., and Sherry Azadi Maykrantz. 2017. “Exploring Perceptions about and Behaviors Related to Mental Illness and Mental Health Service Utilization among College Students Using the Health Belief Model (HBM).” American Journal of Health Education 48 (5): 1–14. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1080/19325037.2017.1335628.
Ostini, Jenny, Helen Partridge, Kate Kelly, Owen Owen, and Sandra Jeffries. 2020. “Narratives of Access: A Critical Exploration of How Institutional Interactions with Students Affect Regional Student Participation in Higher Education.” Student Success 11 (2): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v11i2.1334.
Oviawe, Joan Ossa. 2016. “How to Rediscover the Ubuntu Paradigm in Education.” International Review of Education, 1–10.
Paris, Scott G, and Alison H Paris. 2001. “Classroom Applications of Research on Self-Regulated Learning.” Educational Psychologist 36 (2): 89–101. https://doi.org/doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3602.
Pinchevsky, Gillian M., and Brittany E. Hayes (2022) Understanding college students perceived help seeking knowledge and awareness about sexual misconduct policies and procedures. Journal of interpersonal violence. 0 (0) 1-24.
Pulkkinen, Elina A., M Chiro, and Pablo Perez de la Ossa. 2021. “Grit and Chiropractic Students’ Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Journal of Chiropractic Education 35 (1): 124–30. https://doi.org/10.7899/JCE-19-8.
Reed, Lynn Raphael, Peter Gates, and Kathryn Last. 2007. “Young Participation in Higher Education in the Parliamentary Constituencies of Birmingham Hodge Hill, Bristol South, Nottingham North and Sheffield Brightside.” Bristol: HEFCE.
Rosenberg, Morris, and B. Claire McCullough. 1981. “Mattering: Inferred Significance and Mental Health among Adolescents.” Research in Community & Mental Health. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1983-07744-001.
Sen, Amartya. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford University Press.
Soria, Krista M., Dale J. Morrow, and Garrett Marttinen. 2017. “Strengths-Based Advising Approaches: Benefits for First-Year Undergraduates.” NACADA Journal 37 (2): 55–65. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1164575.pdf.
Soria, Krista M., and Robin Stubblefield. 2015. “Knowing Me, Knowing You: Building Strengths Awareness, Belonging, and Persistence in Higher Education.” Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 17 (3): 351–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115575914.
Strydom, F., S. Loots, A. Oosthuysen, L. Hen-Boisen, M. Henn, and H. Posthumus. 2016. “Engaging the #Studentvoice: SASSE Annual Report.” https://www.siyaphumelela.org.za/documents/SASSE percent20Report percent202016.pdf.
Swartz, Sharlene, Alude Mahali, Relebohile Moletsane, Emma Arogundade, Nene E Khalema, Adam Cooper, and Candice Groenewald. 2018. Studying While Black: Race, Education and Emancipation in South African Universities. Human Sciences Research Council Press.
Thomas, Christopher L., and Michael J. Tagler. 2019. “Predicting academic help-seeking intentions using the reasoned action model”. Frontiers in Education 4, no. 59 (June): 1-10.
Tinto, Vincent. 2017. “Reflections on Student Persistence.” Student Success 8 (2): 1–9.
Tovar, Esau, and Merril A. Simon. 2010. “Factorial Structure and Invariance Analysis of the Sense of Belonging Scales.” Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 43 (3): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610384811.
SAU Author. 2021.
Walker, Melanie, and Elaine Unterhalter. (Eds.). (2007). Amartya Sen’s capability approach and social justice in education. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Wilson -Strydom, Merridy. 2015. University Access and Success; Capabilities, Diversity and Social Justice. New York: Routledge.
Won, Sungjun, Lauren C. Hensley, and Christopher A. Wolters. 2021. “Brief Research Report: Sense of Belonging and Academic Help-Seeking as Self-Regulated Learning.” The Journal of Experimental Education, 112–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2019.1703095.
Yasin, Farra. 2021. “The Agents of Autonomy in Decolonising Pedagogy: An Analysis of Autonomy-Facilitating Approaches to Anti-Deficit, Critical, and Culturally Responsive Education for Marginalised Women in Ontario, Canada.” Pedagogy, Culture & Society, July 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2021.1949632.
Zimmerman, Barry J. 2002. "Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview. Theory into Practice". College of Education, The Ohio State University. Vol. 41(2): 64. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2.
Anant, Santokh S. 1967. “Belongingness and Mental Health: Some Research Findings.” Acta Psychologica 26: 391–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(67)90035-2
Andrews, Gavin, Cathy Issakidis, and Greg Carter. 2001. “Shortfall in Mental Health Service Utilisation.” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179 (5): 417–25. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.5.417
Antwerpen, Sumei van. 2015. “The Quality of Teaching and Learning of BCom Honours Degree Students at an Open Distance Learning University in South Africa.” Africa Education Review 12 (4): 680–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2015.1112159.
Bass, Janice, Caroline Walters, Jocelyn Toohill, and Mary Sidebotham. 2016. “Promoting Retention, Enabling Success: Discovering the Potential of Student Support Circles. Nurse Education in Practice.” Midwifery Education in Practice. 20:109–16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595316300579.
Benham-Hutchins, Marge, and Thomas R. Clancy. 2010. “Social Networks as Embedded Complex Adaptive Systems.” Journal of Nursing Administration, 40 (9): 352–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181ee42bc.
Bornschlegl, Madeleine, Kathryn Meldrum, and Nerina J. Caltabiano. 2020. "Variables related to academic help‐seeking behaviour in higher education–Findings from a multidisciplinary perspective." Review of Education, 8 (2): 486-522. https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/
Brown, Denise, John A. Barry, and Brenda K. Todd. 2021. "Barriers to academic help-seeking: The relationship with gender-typed attitudes." Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45 (3): 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1774049
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1997. “The Forms of Capital.” In Education: Culture, Economy, Society, edited by A H Halsey, Lauder H, P Brown, and S A Wells. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Businesstech, 2020 https://businesstech.co.za/news/internet/452208/government-to-take-south-africas-universities-online-as-student-marks-improve/
Council on Higher Education (South Africa). 2013. “A Proposal for Undergraduate Curriculum Reform in South Africa: The Case for a Flexible Curriculum Structure.” Report of the Task Team on Undergraduate Curriculum Structure. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/266822.
Croxon, Lynette, and Catherine Maginnis. 2006. “Total Learning Environment and the Implications for Rural Student Nurse Retention.” Australian Journal of Rural Health 14 (3): 132–33.
Department of Higher Education and Training. 1997. Education White Paper 3: A Programme for Higher Education TransformationTitle.
Dunley, Paige, and Andrew Papadopoulos. 2019. “Why Is It So Hard to Get Help? Barriers to Help-Seeking in Postsecondary Students Struggling with Mental Health Issues: A Scoping Review.” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 17 (3): 699–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0029-z.
Erlbaum, L. 2013. Help Seeking in Academic Settings: Goals, Groups, and Contexts. Edited by Stuart A. Karabenick and Richard S. Newman. INC.Publisher.
Fallon, Barry J., and Terry Bowles. 1999. “Adolescent Help-Seeking for Major and Minor problems.” Australian Journal of Psychology 51: 12–18.
Frey, Nancy, Douglas Fisher, and Sandi Everlove. 2009. "Productive group work: How to engage students, build teamwork, and promote understanding. ASCD.
Fouche, Ilse, and Grant Andrews. 2022. “Working from Home Is One Major Disaster”: An Analysis of Student Feedback at a South African University during the Covid-19 Lockdown.” Education and Information Technologies, 27(1): 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10652-7.
Garriott, Patton O., Trisha L. Raque-Bogdan, Kim Yalango, Kathryn Schaefer Ziemer, and Jared Utley. 2017. “Intentions to Seek Counseling in First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College Students.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 64 (4): 432–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000210.
Graham, Cameron W., and Zack Moir. 2022. “Belonging to the University or Being in the World: From Belonging to Relational Being.” Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice 19 (4). https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol19/iss4/04/.
Gulliver, Amelia, Kathleen M. Griffiths, and Helen Christensen. 2010. “Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Help-Seeking in Young People: A Systematic Review.” BMC Psychiatry 10: 1–9. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244x-10-113.
Hagen, P. L., and Jordan, P. 2008. “Theoretical Foundations of Advising.” In Academic Advising: A Comprehensive Handbook, edited by VN Gordon, WR Habley, and TJ Grites, 2nd ed., 17–35. Manhattan, Kansas: National academic advising association.
Healey, Kaleen, and Chloe Stroman. 2021. “Structures for Belonging: A Synthesis of Research on Belonging-Supportive Learning Environments.” Student Experience Research Network (SERN).
Hom, Melanie A., Ian H. Stanley, and Thomas E. Joiner Jr. 2015. “Evaluating Factors and Interventions That Influence Help-Seeking and Mental Health Service Utilization among Suicidal Individuals: A Review of the Literature.” Clinical Psychology Review 40: 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.006.
Hutson, Bryant. L. 2010. “The Impact of an Appreciative Advising‐based University Studies Course on College Student First‐year Experience.” Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, January. http://jarhe.research.glam.ac.uk.
Kane, Suzanne, David Chalcraft, and Guglielmo Volpe. 2014. “Notions of Belonging: First Year, First Semester Higher Education Students Enrolled on Business or Economics Degree Programmes.” The International Journal of Management Education, 12 (2): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.04.001.
Karabenick, Stuart A. 2004. “Perceived Achievement Goal Structure and College Student Help Seeking.” Journal of Educational Psychology 96 (3): 569. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.569.
Karabenick, Stuart. A., and Gonida, E. N. 2017. Academic Help Seeking as a Self-Regulated Learning Strategy. 2nd Edition. New York: Current Issues, Future Directions. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048.
Karabenick, Stuart A., and John R. Knapp. 1991. “Relationship of Academic Help Seeking to the Use of Learning Strategies and Other Instrumental Achievement Behavior in College Students.” Journal of Educational Psychology 83 (2): 221. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.2.221.
Kauer, Sylvia Deidre, Cheryl Mangan, and Lena Sanci. 2014. “Do Online Mental Health Services Improve Help- Seeking for Young People? a Systematic Review.” Journal of medical Internet research 16, no. 3, e66: 1-18.
Kift, Sally. 2004. "Organising first year engagement around learning: Formal and informal curriculum intervention." In 8th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference Proceedings, pp. 1-19. QUT.
Krishnakumar, Sandeep, Torsten Maier, Catherine Berdanier, Sarah Ritter, Christopher McComb, and Jessica Menold. 2022. “Using Workplace Thriving Theory to Investigate First‐year Engineering Students’ Abilities to Thrive during the Transition to Online Learning Due to COVID‐19.” Journal of Engineering Education, January, 474–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20447.
Kumalo, Siseko H., and Vasu Reddy. 2021. “Precarious Authority and the Future of the University.” In University on the Border: Crises of Authority and Precarity, edited by Lis Lange, Vasu Reddy, and Siseko H, 173–200. https://www.usaf.ac.za/wp-
Le Roux, Adre, and Emma Groenewald. 2021. “The Elusiveness of a Sense of Place-Belonging: One Student’s Struggle on a Diverse South African Campus.” Issues in Educational Research 31 (3): 854–70. https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.190982287832868.
Li, Wenjing, Diana S. Dorstyn, and Linley A. Denson. 2014. Psychosocial correlates of college students’ help-seeking intention: A meta-analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(3), 163–170.
Maslow, Abraham Harold. 1987. Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Pearson Education.
Maunder, Rachel E. 2018. “Students’ Peer Relationships and Their Contribution to University Adjustment: The Need to Belong in the University Community.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 42: 756–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1311996.
McMillan, David W., and David M. Chavis. 1986. "Sense of community: A definition and theory." Journal of community psychology 14 (1): 6-23
Meehan, Catherine, and Kristy Howells. 2019. “In Search of the Feeling of ‘Belonging’ in Higher Education: Undergraduate Students Transition into Higher Education.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 43 (10): 1376–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1490702.
Nobiling, Brandye D., and Sherry Azadi Maykrantz. 2017. “Exploring Perceptions about and Behaviors Related to Mental Illness and Mental Health Service Utilization among College Students Using the Health Belief Model (HBM).” American Journal of Health Education 48 (5): 1–14. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1080/19325037.2017.1335628.
Ostini, Jenny, Helen Partridge, Kate Kelly, Owen Owen, and Sandra Jeffries. 2020. “Narratives of Access: A Critical Exploration of How Institutional Interactions with Students Affect Regional Student Participation in Higher Education.” Student Success 11 (2): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v11i2.1334.
Oviawe, Joan Ossa. 2016. “How to Rediscover the Ubuntu Paradigm in Education.” International Review of Education, 1–10.
Paris, Scott G, and Alison H Paris. 2001. “Classroom Applications of Research on Self-Regulated Learning.” Educational Psychologist 36 (2): 89–101. https://doi.org/doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3602.
Pinchevsky, Gillian M., and Brittany E. Hayes (2022) Understanding college students perceived help seeking knowledge and awareness about sexual misconduct policies and procedures. Journal of interpersonal violence. 0 (0) 1-24.
Pulkkinen, Elina A., M Chiro, and Pablo Perez de la Ossa. 2021. “Grit and Chiropractic Students’ Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Journal of Chiropractic Education 35 (1): 124–30. https://doi.org/10.7899/JCE-19-8.
Reed, Lynn Raphael, Peter Gates, and Kathryn Last. 2007. “Young Participation in Higher Education in the Parliamentary Constituencies of Birmingham Hodge Hill, Bristol South, Nottingham North and Sheffield Brightside.” Bristol: HEFCE.
Rosenberg, Morris, and B. Claire McCullough. 1981. “Mattering: Inferred Significance and Mental Health among Adolescents.” Research in Community & Mental Health. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1983-07744-001.
Sen, Amartya. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford University Press.
Soria, Krista M., Dale J. Morrow, and Garrett Marttinen. 2017. “Strengths-Based Advising Approaches: Benefits for First-Year Undergraduates.” NACADA Journal 37 (2): 55–65. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1164575.pdf.
Soria, Krista M., and Robin Stubblefield. 2015. “Knowing Me, Knowing You: Building Strengths Awareness, Belonging, and Persistence in Higher Education.” Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 17 (3): 351–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115575914.
Strydom, F., S. Loots, A. Oosthuysen, L. Hen-Boisen, M. Henn, and H. Posthumus. 2016. “Engaging the #Studentvoice: SASSE Annual Report.” https://www.siyaphumelela.org.za/documents/SASSE percent20Report percent202016.pdf.
Swartz, Sharlene, Alude Mahali, Relebohile Moletsane, Emma Arogundade, Nene E Khalema, Adam Cooper, and Candice Groenewald. 2018. Studying While Black: Race, Education and Emancipation in South African Universities. Human Sciences Research Council Press.
Thomas, Christopher L., and Michael J. Tagler. 2019. “Predicting academic help-seeking intentions using the reasoned action model”. Frontiers in Education 4, no. 59 (June): 1-10.
Tinto, Vincent. 2017. “Reflections on Student Persistence.” Student Success 8 (2): 1–9.
Tovar, Esau, and Merril A. Simon. 2010. “Factorial Structure and Invariance Analysis of the Sense of Belonging Scales.” Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 43 (3): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610384811.
SAU Author. 2021.
Walker, Melanie, and Elaine Unterhalter. (Eds.). (2007). Amartya Sen’s capability approach and social justice in education. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Wilson -Strydom, Merridy. 2015. University Access and Success; Capabilities, Diversity and Social Justice. New York: Routledge.
Won, Sungjun, Lauren C. Hensley, and Christopher A. Wolters. 2021. “Brief Research Report: Sense of Belonging and Academic Help-Seeking as Self-Regulated Learning.” The Journal of Experimental Education, 112–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2019.1703095.
Yasin, Farra. 2021. “The Agents of Autonomy in Decolonising Pedagogy: An Analysis of Autonomy-Facilitating Approaches to Anti-Deficit, Critical, and Culturally Responsive Education for Marginalised Women in Ontario, Canada.” Pedagogy, Culture & Society, July 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2021.1949632.
Zimmerman, Barry J. 2002. "Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview. Theory into Practice". College of Education, The Ohio State University. Vol. 41(2): 64. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2.
Published
2022-12-26
How to Cite
Sithaldeen, R., O. Phetlhu, B. Kokolo, and L. August. 2022. “Student Sense of Belonging and Its Impacts on Help Seeking Behaviour”. South African Journal of Higher Education 36 (6), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.20853/36-6-5487.
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Section
Part 1 : Special Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Riashna Sithaldeen, Ontiretse Phetlhu, Busisiwe Kokolo, Luna August
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- Institutional webpage.
- Authors Institutional Repository.
The following notice should accompany such a posting on the website: This is an electronic version of an article published in SAJHE, Volume XXX, number XXX, pages XXX “XXX", DOI. Authors should also supply a hyperlink to the original paper or indicate where the original paper (http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/SAJHE) may be found.
Authors publishers version, affiliated with the Stellenbosch University will be automatically deposited in the University Institutional Repository SUNScholar.
Articles as a whole, may not be re-published with another journal.
The following license applies:
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
