Subverting conventional gender-based violence reporting protocols: Clothesline complaints in higher education in Mexico

  • A. Masinire University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-8569
  • E. Sanchez-Cruz University of Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
  • E. Sanchez-Cruz University of Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
Keywords: higher education, clothesline, gender-based violence, reportingnprotocols, Mexico

Abstract

While international conventions with a gender perspective exist, at national level countries such as Mexico have also developed policies and programmes in favour of women’s access to a life of equality and free of violence. Such policies have been translated into institutional protocols to curb gender violence. Despite these polices, data seem to indicate that violence against women continues (UN Women 2020) and gender inequality persists. This article explores the significance of a social gender activist movement that began in 2019 called “clothesline complaints” in one of the most prestigious universities in Mexico. The article also seeks to assess the impact of this movement in other institutions using a documentary analysis research approach. Results show that the selected institutions reported a large number of complaints regarding gender violence. The article concludes that by adopting unconventional grievances reporting procedures of the “clothesline” rather than the traditional institutional protocols, more cases of gender violence can be revealed. We recommend the adoption of the clothesline approach as well as other novel ways of reporting gender-based violence. The clothesline movement presents an opportunity to re-examine the current gender violence reporting structure in higher education institutions in Mexico. Because of the global nature of gender-based violence, we also consider implications for policy and structural review of gender violence reporting protocols in South Africa and other parts of the world. Of key significance is how to integrate informal gender-based violence reports into the formal protocols of reporting without diminishing the original force of appeal which animate the informal reports.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

A. Masinire, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Lecturer, Wits School of Education

E. Sanchez-Cruz, University of Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico

Facultad de Idiomas

E. Sanchez-Cruz, University of Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico

Facultad de Idiomas

References

Arteta, I. 2019. “Paros en 11 escuelas y facultades contra el acoso, sin que la UNAM resuelva la denuncias”. [Strikes in 11 schools and colleges against harassment, without the UNAM resolving the complaints]. Animal Político. https://www.animalpolitico.com/2019/11/paros-unam-acoso-escuelas-facultades-denuncias/.

Barrera Baca, A. 2020. “Los tendederos del acoso sexual en la #UAEMéx.” Germán Zepeda.com. [The clotheslines of sexual harassment in the #UAEMex]. https://germanzepeda.com/los-tendederos-del-acoso-sexual-en-la-uaemex/.

Bautista, N. 2017. “Justice for Lesvy: Indifference and Outrage in Response to Gender Violence in Mexico City”. Nacla. https://nacla.org/news/2017/07/31/justice-lesvy-indifference-and-outrage-response-gender-violence-mexico-city.

Bowen, G. 2009. “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method.” Qualitative Research Journal 9(2): 27‒40.

Cámara de Diputados. 2007. “Tratados Internacionales vigentes en México: Relación de Legislaturas y/o Períodos Legislativos en que fueron aprobados” [International Treaties in force in Mexico: List of Legislatures and / or Legislative Periods in which they were approved]. http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/sia/spe/SPE-ISS-03-07.pdf.

Collins, A., L. Loots, T. Meyiwa, and D. Mistrey. 2009. “Nobody’s business: Proposals for reducing gender based violence at a South African University.” Agenda 80: 32‒41.

Davies, N. 2020. “Gender-based violence in South African universities: An institutional challenge.” CHE Briefly Speaking 10: 1‒12.

El Sol de Parral. 2018. “Por denunciar acoso sexual, corren y amenazan a maestra en Juárez” [For reporting sexual harassment, they fire and threaten a teacher in Juárez] [on line]. 13 de marzo. https://www.elsoldeparral.com.mx/policia/pordenunciar-acoso-sexual-corren-y-amenazan-a-maestra-en-juarez.

Expansión política. 2020. “Estudiantes de más de 20 universidades de México denuncian a sus acosadores”. [Students from more than 20 universities in Mexico denounce their harassers]. https://politica.expansion.mx/sociedad/2020/03/13/estudiantes-de-universidades-de-mexico-denuncian-a-acosadores.

Figueiras, M. 2021. “Celebran Día del Padre con tendedero para exhibir paternidades irresponsables.” [They celebrate Father’s Day with a clothesline to display irresponsible fatherhood]. El Sol de Orizaba. https://www.elsoldeorizaba.com.mx/local/celebran-dia-del-padre-con-tendedero-para-exhibir-paternidades-irresponsables-orizaba-feminista-6838161.html.

INEGI see Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 2016. “Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares” (ENDIREH) 2016. [National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships.] https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/endireh/2016/.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 2019. Mujeres y hombres en México 2019. [Women and men in Mexico 2019]. http://cedoc.inmujeres.gob.mx/documentos_download/MHM_2019.pdf.

La Jornada Veracruz. 2020. Persisten los señalamientos de acoso dentro de universidades. [Allegations of harassment persist within universities]. La Jornada Veracruz. http://www.jornadaveracruz.com.mx/Post.aspx?id=200312_083648_621.

Labuschagne, A. 2003. Qualitative research: Airy fairy or fundamental? The Qualitative Report 8(1): Article 7. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-1/labuschagne.html.

Maggio, J. 2007. “‘Can the Subaltern Be Heard?’: Political Theory, Translation, Representation, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.” Alternatives 32(4): 419–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540703200403.

Masinire A. and E. Sanchez-Cruz. 2020. Perceptions of male professors and male students towards gender equity policies and practices in a Mexican higher education science and engineering graduate program. South African Journal of Higher Education 34(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.20853/34-3-3483.

Mextudia. 2020. “Ranking 2020 de las mjeores universidades de México por 4ICU.org”. [2020 ranking of the best universities in Mexico by 4ICU.org]. https://mextudia.com/rankings/4icu-org/.

Molyneux, M. 1985. “Mobilization without emancipation? Women’s interests, the state and revolution in Nicaragua.” Feminist Studies 11(2): 227‒254.

Museo de Arte Contemporáneo. n.d. “El tendedero. Mónica Mayer (1954)”. [The clotheline. Monica Mayer 1954]. https://muac.unam.mx/objeto/el-tendedero?lang=es.

QS World University Ranking. 2021. Top universities. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021.

Quadratin. 2021. “Impulsan universitarias tendedero digital para denunciar acoso sexual”. [University women promote digital clothesline to report sexual harassment]. 24 horas, el diario sin límites. https://www.24-horas.mx/2021/02/28/impulsan-universitarias-tendedero-digital-para-denunciar-acoso-sexual/.

Ramírez Cuevas, G. 2018. “Violación y acoso sexual en Universidad Pedagógica Nacional-UPN.” [Rape and sexual harassment at the National Pedagogical University-UPN]. Regeneración. https://regeneracion.mx/violacion-yacoso-sexual-en-universidad-pedagogica-nacional-upn/.

Ramírez Macías, L. 2017. “Denuncian violencia sexual contra alumnas de la UAA”. [They denounce sexual violence against UAA students]. Página 24. https://pagina24.com.mx/2017/05/16/local/denuncian-violencia-sexual-contra-alumnas-de-la-UAA/.

Rodríguez, L. 2020. “Separan a profesor del CUCBA por presunto acoso sexual.” [CUCBA professor separated for alleged sexual harassment]. El Diario NTR. Periodismo Crítico. https://www.ntrguadalajara.com/post.php?id_nota=145028.

Román, J. A. 2020. “Realizan en el IPN un tendedero de señalamientos por hostigamiento sexual.” [A clothesline of accusations for sexual harassment is carried out in IPN]. La Jornada. https://www.jornada.com.mx/2020/03/06/sociedad/031n3soc.

Sanchez Cruz, E. 2012. “Women in Science and Engineering: The Impact of Gender Equity Policies in Mexican Higher Education.” Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 433. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/433.

Students of UNAM. 2020. Pliego petitorio. [Request sheet]. http://www.economia.unam.mx/igualdaddegenero/docs/PLIEGO%20PETITORIO%201.pdf.

Tarrow, S. 1997. “El poder en movimiento: Los movimientos sociales, la acción colectiva y la política”. [Power in motion: Social movements, collective action and politics]. Madrid, Alianza.

UN Women / ONU-Mujeres. 2020. Hechos y cifras: Poner fin a la violencia contra las mujeres. [Facts and Figures: End Violence Against Women]. https://www.unwomen.org/es/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures.

UN Women / Organización de las Naciones Unidas – ONU Mujeres. 2017. “Ciudades seguras y espacios públicos seguros. Informe de resultados globales”. [Safe cities and safe public spaces. Global results report]. https://bit.ly/360fr4J.

UNAM. 2021. “Qué es la UNAM”. [What is UNAM]. https://www.unam.mx/acerca-de-la-unam/que-es-la-unam.

Unesco. 2015. “Aprender sin miedo: Prevenir la violencia de género en el entorno escolar y luchar contra ella en Consejo Ejecutivo 196a reunión” [On line]. [Learn without fear: prevent gender violence in the school environment and fight against it in Executive Council 196th meeting]. París: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002323/232369s.pdf.

Varela Guinot, H. 2019. “Las universidades frente a la violencia de género. El alcance limitado de los mecanismos formales.” [Universities against gender violence. The limited scope of formal mechanisms]. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales 238: 49‒80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2020.238.68301.

Published
2023-07-02
How to Cite
Masinire, A., E. Sanchez-Cruz, and E. Sanchez-Cruz. 2023. “Subverting Conventional Gender-Based Violence Reporting Protocols: Clothesline Complaints in Higher Education in Mexico”. South African Journal of Higher Education 37 (3), 183-97. https://doi.org/10.20853/37-3-4762.
Section
General Articles