Development and application of conceptual and analytic frameworks for community engagement at a South African higher education institution
Abstract
University-community engagement is gaining momentum as the latest core business of South African universities in addition to teaching and learning. However, the lack of conceptual and analytic frameworks to assess the progress towards realising university-community engagement will eventually invite criticism that might harm genuine university-community relations. This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to develop conceptual and analytic frameworks that are later applied to critically assess the university-community engagement of a leading South African university. Results show that the poor conceptualisation of university-community engagement affects its operationalisation leading to dominant ‘weak’ as opposed to ‘strong’ university-community engagement initiatives. Last, the environmental management field offers great opportunities for genuine UCE with community members.
Downloads
References
Arnstein, S. (1969). ‘A ladder of citizen participation’. Journal of the American Planning Association, (35) 4 , 216-224.
Banks, S. (2003). ‘What is Community Practice’- in Banks, S., Butcher, H., Henderson, P. & Robertson, J. (eds) Managing Community Practice: Principles, policies, programmes. Bristol: The Polity Press, (13-15).
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Quarterly Report, 13 (4), 544-559.
Bender, G. (2008). Exploring conceptual models for community engagement at higher education institutions in South Africa. Perspectives in Education, 26(1), 81-95.
Butcher, H., Glen, A., Henderson, P. & Smith, J. (1993) Community and Public Policy. London: Pluto Press.
Butcher, H. (1993). ‘Introduction: some examples and definitions’, in Butcher, H et al., (eds) Community and Public Policy. London: Pluto Press, (3-21).
Cornwall, A. (2008). Unpacking ‘Participation’: models, meanings and practices. Community Development Journal, 43 (3), 269-283.
Cooke, B. & Kothari, U. (2001). Participation: The New Tyranny. London: Zeb books.
Dempsey, S. E. (2010). Critiquing Community Engagement. Management Communication Quarterly, 24 (3), 359-390. doi 10.1177/0893318909352247
Etzioni, A (1995a). New Communitarianism Thinking: Persons, Virtues, Institutions, and Communities. Charlottesville, USA: University Press of Virginia.
Etzioni, A. (1995b). The Spirit of Community. London: Fontana
Green, L. W. & Mercer, S. L. (2001). Can Public Health Researchers and Agencies Reconcile the Push From Funding Bodies and the Pull From Communities? Community Participatory Research, 91 (12), 1926-1943.
IPCC. (2014). Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1199-1265). United Kingdom and New York. URL Link: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5Chap22FINAL.pdf Accessed on 21st March 2016.
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for Performing Systematic Reviews. Keele University Technical Report TR/SE-0401. ISSN:1353-7776. URL Link: https://scholar.google.co.za/scholar?q=procedures+for+performing+systematic+reviews+kitchenham&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHzqq7xIvMAhVHuhQKHWBlAKgQgQMIGDAA Accessed on the 21st March 2016.
Kitchenham, B., Pearl Brereton, O., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Bailey, J., & Linkman, S. (2009). Systematic Literature Review in Software Engineering-A Systematic Literature Review. Information and Software Technology, 51 (1): 7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009.
Kloprogge, P., & Sluis, J. P. Van der. (2006). The Inclusion of Stakeholder Knowledge and Perspectives in Integrated Assessment of Climate Change. Climatic Change, 75 (3): 359-389. doi: 10.1007/s10584-006-0362-2.
Lazarus, J., Erasmus, M., Hendricks, D., Nduna, J. & Slamat, J. (2008). Embedding community engagement in South African higher education. education, citizenship and social justice, 3 (1), 57-83. doi 10.1177/1746197907086719
Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., & Auld, G. (2012). Overcoming the Tragedy of Super Wicked Problems: Constraining our Future Selves to Ameliorate Global Climate Change. Policy Science, 45: 123-152. doi: 10.1007/s11077-012-9151-0.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2016). Definition of Engagement. URL Link: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/engagement Accessed on 21st March 2016.
Nkoana, E. M. & Dichaba, M. M. (2016). Are we heading in the right direction? Assessing Community Engagement Dimensions of South African Higher Education Sector. South African International Conference on Education-“Towards Excellence in Educational Practices”. African Academic Research Forum, pp. 213-224, ISBN: 978-0-620-72896-6, [Available online] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thobekani_Lose2/publication/308335277_A_QUALITATIVE_INQUIRY_ON_THE_CHALLENGES_FACING_INTERNATIONAL_STUDENTS_AT_INSTITUTIONS_OF_HIGHER_LEARNING_IN_SOUTHERN_GAUTENG_SOUTH_AFRICA/links/57e12b3f08ae9834b4e7e390.pdf#page=224
Nkoana, E. M. & Maswanganyi, F. T. (2016). What is in a word? Assessing University-Community Engagement at Higher Education Institutions. International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives Conference Proceedings, pp. 429-438, ISBN: 978-0-620-69682-1.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L., & Collins, K. M. T. (2012). Qualitative Analysis Techniques for the Review of the Literature. The Qualitative Report, 17 (56): 1-28. URL Link: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR17/onwuegbuzie.pdf Accessed on 21st March 2016.
Reed, M. S. (2008). Stakeholder Participation for Environmental Management. A Literature Review. Biological Conservation, 141 (10), 2417-2431. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014.
Rittel, H. W. J. & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4 (2): 155-169.
United Nations. (2007). Climate Change: Impacts, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptation in Developing Countries. (1-68). Bonn: Germany. URL Link: http://unfccc.int/resources/docs/publications/impacts.pdf Accessed on 21st March 2016.
Universities South Africa. (2016). Public Universities in South Africa. URL Link: http://www.universitiessa.ac.za/public-universities-south-africa Accessed on 09th April 2016.
Waas, T., Huge, J., Verbruggen, A., & Wright, T. (2011). Sustainable Development: A Bird’s Eye View. Sustainability, 3 (12), 1637-1661. doi: 10.3390/su3101637.
Wals, A. E. J. (2007). Social Learning-Towards a Sustainable World: Principles, Perspectives, and Praxis. Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Copyright (c) 2017 Mpho Mildred Dichaba

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal is an open access journal, and the authors and journal should be properly acknowledged, when works are cited.
Authors, copyright holders, may use the publishers version for teaching purposes, in books, theses, dissertations, conferences and conference papers.
A copy of the authors' publishers version may also be hosted on the following websites:
- Non-commercial personal homepage or blog.
- Institutional webpage.
- Authors Institutional Repository.
The following notice should accompany such a posting on the website: This is an electronic version of an article published in SAJHE, Volume XXX, number XXX, pages XXX “XXX", DOI. Authors should also supply a hyperlink to the original paper or indicate where the original paper (http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/SAJHE) may be found.
Authors publishers version, affiliated with the Stellenbosch University will be automatically deposited in the University Institutional Repository SUNScholar.
Articles as a whole, may not be re-published with another journal.
The following license applies:
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 4.0