Microbial Succession in Spontaneously Fermented Grape Must Before, During and After Stuck Fermentation
Abstract
The microbial succession in spontaneously fermenting Riesling must was investigated from the beginning(pressing) until the end (sulphuring) of the fermentation in two harvest years (2008 and 2009) at a Moselle
winery (Germany). In both years, the fermentation was interrupted by a stuck period. The length of the
stuck period varied considerably (20 weeks in 2008 and one week in 2009). Different yeasts (Candida,
Debaryomyces, Pichia, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces, Metschnikowia, Cryptococcus, Filobasidium and
Rhodotorula) and bacteria (Gluconobacter, Asaia, Acetobacter, Oenococcus, Lactobacillus, Bacillus and
Paenibacillus) were isolated successively by plating. The main fermenting organism was Saccharomyces
uvarum. Specific primers were developed for S. uvarum, H. uvarum and C. boidinii, followed by the
determination of the total cell counts with qPCR. The initial glucose concentration differed between the
two years and was 116 g/L in 2008 and 85.4 g/L in 2009. Also, the fructose concentrations were different
in both years (114 g/L in 2008 and 77.8 g/L in 2009). The stuck period appeared when the glucose/fructose
ratio was 0.34 and 0.12 respectively. The microbiota changed during the stuck period.
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