Plant Diversity in an Intensively Cultivated Vineyard Agroecosystem (Langhe, North-West Italy)

Abstract

In areas of intensive agriculture, wild plant species are confined to field margins, thus they play a role in
protecting biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to assess plant diversity in an area of intensive
viticulture and to evaluate, for the first time, the impact of field margins on vineyard flora biodiversity. The
study was conducted in North-West Italy, were five categories of floristic lists in vineyard-margin pairs were
sampled and compared. Five margins were identified: grass-covered (A) and bare (B) headlands, small (C)
and wide (D) woodlands, and shrub and herbaceous (E) areas. Two hundred and fifty-two taxa were found,
although only 19 were widespread. Differences among categories emerged, highlighting the high floristic
complexity of the sites surrounded by wide wooded areas (D). The findings suggest an influence of margin
size, in addition to margin type, on the floristic richness of the vineyard. Moreover, an inverse relationship
between species richness and both the presence of Poaceae and the degree of soil grass coverage emerged.
Enhancing biodiversity, at landscape and field level, by the appropriate management of cover crops and
ecological infrastructures, within and around vineyards, could be a strategy in sustainable viticulture.
The increase in plant species richness is not an end in itself, but it might help to promote biodiversity at
different trophic levels.