The Influence of Different Winemaking Techniques on the Extraction of Grape Tannins and Anthocyanins

  • A.P. Nel Department of Viticulture and Enology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  • P. van Rensburg Department of Viticulture and Enology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Distell, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
  • M.G. Lambrechts Department of Viticulture and Enology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Distell, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21548/35-2-1019

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different maceration techniques on the extraction
of grape tannins and anthocyanins. Two cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz) were harvested in
two different climatic regions (Durbanville and Simondium) at two different ripeness levels for the 2008
and 2009 harvest seasons. Five basic winemaking processes were applied, namely a normal alcoholic
fermentation (C), enzyme treatment (E), cold soaking (CM), post-maceration (PM), and a combination
of cold and post-maceration (CM+PM). At harvest the phenolic ripeness was determined with the Glories
method, while the tannin concentration was determined with the methyl cellulose (MCP) method. The
grapes in the warmer area had higher tannin levels than grapes harvested in the cooler area in both years.
In the 2009 harvest season, the enzyme treatment extracted the highest levels of tannin. CM+PM showed
the best results of tannin extraction with early ripeness (Cabernet Sauvignon), and CM with fuller ripeness
in the warm area. CM showed the best results with both early and fuller ripeness levels in the cooler area.
PM showed the best results with the early ripeness levels, and the E treatment with the fuller ripeness
levels, in the warm area. CM+PM showed the best results with the early ripeness level in the cooler area,
and varied results with the fuller ripeness levels. In both years, grapes from the cooler area contained
more anthocyanin than those from the warmer area. At a fuller ripeness level (2009) the treatments had
no effect.

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Published
2016-09-23
Issue
Vol. 35 No. 2 (2014)
Section
Articles

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