A brief history of PINS
Abstract
The early 1980s was a vibrant and tumultuous time in South Africa as increasing challenges to the apartheid
government were being mounted from all angles of the society. The state and its security forces were cracking
down on anti-apartheid activists through large-scale detentions, and in turn individuals and organisations
were responding with a combination of defiance and organized resistance in the formation of communitybased
organisations. The highpoint of this organizational development was the formation of the UDF (United
Democratic Front) in 1983 (20 August 1983 in the Western Cape), and COSATU (Congress of South African Trade
Unions) in 1985 (1 December 1985 in Durban).
Copyright (c) 2023 Grahame Hayes
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