Effect of Ambient Sunlight Intensity on the Temporal Phenolic Profiles of Vitis Vinifera L. Cv. Chardonnay During the Ripening Season – A Field Study

  • D. Å ebela Global Change Research Institute, CAS Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, BraniÅ¡ovská
  • Z. Turóczy Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute CAS
  • J. Olejníčková Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute CAS
  • M. KumÅ¡ta Department of Viticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno
  • R. Sotolář Department of Viticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21548/38-1-1038

Abstract

Grape phenolics are considered to have a significant impact on wine quality, with their quantity and dynamics being strongly influenced by environmental conditions. We investigated the effect of ambient sunlight on the temporal dynamics of phenolics in cv. Chardonnay under field conditions during the 2012 ripening season, from véraison until harvest. The phenolic profiles of the grapes were monitored at predefined time intervals by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric (OD) analysis. The obtained concentrations were correlated with the average sunlight intensities preceding the sampling. No significant correlations were found between the hydroxycinnamic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and stilbene content, in contrast with the strong relationships found between: (i) OD280 nm, (ii) catechin, (iii) flavanols and (iv) total polyphenols and the fluctuating dose of ambient sunlight reaching the grapes throughout the ripening season. The light-dependent dynamics of several main phenolic compounds in cv. Chardonnay during the ripening period could help to establish correlation models that increase the applicability of meteorological data in the assessment of optimal phenolic ripeness in modern viticulture.

 

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abou-hussein, S.D., 2012. Climate change and its impact on the productivity and quality of vegetable crops. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 8, 4359-4383.

Adams, D.O., 2006. Phenolics and ripening in grape berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 57, 249-256.

Agati, G., Stefano, G., Biricolti, S. & Tattini, M., 2009. Mesophyll distribution of `antioxidant` flavonoid glycosides in Ligustrum vulgare leaves under contrasting sunlight irradiance. Ann. Bot. 104, 853-861.

Berli, F., D`Angelo, J., Cavagnaro, B., Bottini, R., Wuilloud, R. & Silva, M.F., 2008. Phenolic composition in grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Malbec) ripened with different solar UV-B radiations levels by capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56, 2892-2898.

Bergquist, J., Dokoozlian, N. & Ebisuda, N., 2001. Sun light exposure and temperature effect on berry growth and composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache in the central San Joaquin valley of California. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 52, 1-7.

Bogs, J., Ebadi, A., Mc David, D. & Robinson, S.P., 2006. Identification of the flavonoid hydroxylases from grapevine and their regulation during fruit development. Plant Physiol. 140, 279–291.

Burger, J. & Edwards, G.E., 1996. Photosynthetic efficiency and photo damage by UV and Visible radiation, in red versus green leaf Coleus varieties. Plant Cell Physiol. 37, 395-399.

Conde, C., Silva, P., Fontes, N., Dias, A.C.P., Tavares, R.M., Sousa, M.J., Agasse, A., Delrot, S. & Gerós, H., 2007. Biochemical changes throughout grape berry development and fruit and wine quality. Food 1, 1-22.

Coombe, B.G., 1992. Research on development and ripening of the grape berry. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 43, 101-110.

Cortell, J.M., Kennedy, J.A., 2006. Effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (Vitis vinifera L.) Pinot Noir fruit and extraction in a model system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 8510-8520.

Crippen, D.D. & Morrison, J.C., 1986. The effects of sun exposure on the phenolics content of Cabernet Sauvignon berries during development. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 37, 243-247.

De Orduna, R.M., 2010. Climate change associated effects on grape and wine quality and production. Food Res. Int. 43, 1844-1855.

Dokoozlian, N.K. & Kliewer, W.M., 1996. Influence of light on grape berry growth and composition varies during fruit development. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121, 869-874.

Doshi, P., Adsule, P. & Banerjee, K., 2006. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in grapevine parts and berries (Vitis vinifera L.) cv Kishmish Chornyi (Sharad Seedless) during maturation. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 41, 1-9.

Downey, M.O., Harvey, J.S. & Simon, R., 2004. The effect of bunch shading on berry development and flavonoid accumulation in Shiraz grapes. Aus. J. Grape Wine Res. 10, 55-73.

Downey, M.O., Harvey, J.S. & Robinson, S.P., 2003. Analysis of tannins in seed and skin of Shiraz grapes throughout berry development. Aus. J. Grape Wine Res. 9, 15-27.

Fanzone, M., Zamora, F., Jofré, V., Assof, M. & Peña-Neira, Á., 2011. Phenolics composition of Malbec grape skins and seeds from Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina) during ripening. Effect of cluster thinning. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 6120-6136.

Fraga, H., Malheiro, A.C., Moutinho-Pereira, J. & Santos, J.A., 2012. An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture. Food Energy Secur. 1, 94-110.

Frankhauser, C. & Staiger, D., 2002. Photoreceptors in Arabidopsis thaliana: light perception, signal transduction and entrainment of the endogenous clock. Planta 216, 1-16.

Frederick, J.E., 1993. Ultraviolet sunlight reaching the earth`s surface: A review of recent research. Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 175-178.

Friedel, M., Stoll, M., Patz, C.D., Will, F. & Dietrich, H., 2015. Impact of light exposure on fruit composition of white `Riesling` grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis 54, 107-116.

Gambuti, A., Capuano, R., Lecce, L., Fragasso, M.G. & Moio, L., 2009. Extraction of phenolics compounds from 'Aglianico' and 'Uva di Troia' grape skins and seeds in model solutions: Influence of ethanol and maceration time. Vitis 48, 193–200.

Gladstone, E.A. & Dokoozlian, N.K., 2003. Influence of leaf area density and trellis/training system on the light microclimate within grapevine canopies. Vitis 42, 123–131.

Guifree, A.M., 2013. High performance liquid chromatography - diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) detection of trans-resveratrol: Evolution during ripening in grape berry skins. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 8, 224-229.

Hale, C.R. & Buttrose, M.S., 1974. Effect of temperature on ontogeny of berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99, 390–394.

Hollósy, F., 2002. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on plant cells. Micron 33, 179-197.

Ivanova, V., Stefova, M., Vojnovski, B., Dornyei, A., Márk, L., Dimovska, V., Stafilov, T. & Kilár, F., 2011. Identification of polyphenolics compounds in red and white grape varieties grown in R. Macedonia and changes of their content during ripening. Food Res. Int. 44, 2851-2860.

Kallithraka, S., Bakker, J. & Clifford, M.N., 1998. Evidence that salivary proteins are involved in astringency. J. Sens. Studies 13, 29-43.

Kakani, V.G., Reddy, K.R., Zhao, D. & Mohammed, A.R., 2003. Effects of Ultraviolet-B radiation on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) morphology and anatomy. Ann. Bot. 91, 817-826.

Kennedy, J.A., Matthews, M.A. & Waterhouse, A.L., 2000. Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening. Phytochem. 55, 77-85.

Kennedy, J.A., Matthews, M.A. & Waterhouse, A.L., 2002. Effect of maturity and vine water status on grape skin and wine flavonoids. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53, 268-274.

Keller, M. & Torres-Martinez, N., 2004. Does UV radiation affect winegrape composition? Acta Hortic. 640, 313-319.

Kliewer, W.M., 1970. Effect of day temperature and light intensity on coloration of Vitis vinifera grapes. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 95, 693-697.

Kolb, C.A., Kopecký, J., Riederer, M. & Pfundel, E.E., 2003. UV screening by phenolics in berries of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Funct. Plant Biol. 30, 1177-1186.

Kolb, C.A., Kaser, M.A., Kopecký, J., Zotz, G., Reiderer, M. & PfundeL, E.E., 2001. Effect of natural intensities of visible and ultraviolet radiation on epidermal ultraviolet screening and photosynthesis in grape leaves. Plant Physiol. 127, 863-875.

Kumšta, M., Pavloušek, P. & Kupsa, J., 2012. Phenolic profile in Czech white wines from different terroirs. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 21, 1593-1601.

Lorenz, D.H., Eichhorn, K.W., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., Meier, U. & Weber, E., 1995. Growth stages of the grapevine: Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)- Codes and descriptions according to the ectended BBCH scale. Aus. J. Grape Wine Res. 1, 100-103.

McKenzie, R.L., Bjorn, L.O., Bais, A. & Ilyasad, M., 2003. Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth`s surface. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2, 5-15.

Pal, D. & Verma, P., 2013. Flavonoids: a powerful and abundant source of antioxidants. Int. J. Pharm. Pharmac. Sci. 5, 95-98.

Pena-Neira, A., Duenas, M., Duarte, A., Hernandez, T., Estrella, I. & Loyola, E., 2004. Effects of ripening stages and of plant vegetative vigor on the phenolics composition of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in the Maipo Valley (Chile). Vitis 43, 51-57.

Pereira, G.E., Gaudillere, J.P., Pieri, P., Hilbert, G., Maucourt, M., Deborde, C., Moing, A. & Rolin, D., 2006. Microclimate influence on mineral and metabolomic profiles of grape berries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 6465-6775.

Perez-Magarino, S. & Gonzalez-San Jose, M.L., 2004. Evolution of flavanols, anthocyanins, and their derivatives during the aging of red wines elaborated from grapes harvested at different stages of ripening. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 1118-1189.

Petit, A.N., Baillieul, F., Vaillant-Gaveau, N., Jacquens, L., Conreux, A., Jeandet, P., Clément, C. & Fontaine, F., 2009. Low responsiveness of grapevine flowers and berries at fruit set to UV-C radiation. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 1155-1162.

Pirie, A. & Mullins, M.G., 1976. Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate, and abscisicacid. Plant Physiol. 58, 468-472.

Pirie, A. & Mullins, M.G., 1977. Interrelationship of sugars,anthocyanins, total polyphenols and dry weight in the skin of grape berries during ripening. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 28, 204-209.

Price, S., Breen, P., Valladao, M. & Watson, B., 1995. Cluster sun exposure and quercetin in Pinot noir grapes and wine. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 46, 187-194.

Reynolds, A.G., Wardle, D.A., Hall, J.W. & Dever, M., 1995. Fruit maturation of four Vitis vinifera cultivars response to vineyard location and basal leaf removal. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 46, 542-558.

Rusjan, D., Halbwirth, H., Stich, K., Mikulič-PetkovÅ¡ek, M. & Veberič, R., 2012a. Biochemical response of grapevine variety `Chardonnay` (Vitis vinifera L.) to infection with grapevine yellows (Bois noir). Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 134, 231-237.

Rusjan, D. & Mikulič-PetkovÅ¡ek, M., 2015. Phenolic responses in 1-year-old canes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay induced by grapevine yellows. Aus. J. Grape Wine Res. 21, 123-134.

Rusjan, D., Veberič, R. & Mikulič-PetkovÅ¡ek, M., 2012b. The response of phenolic compounds in grapes of variety `Chardonnay` (Vitis vinifera L.) to the infection by phytoplasma Bois noir. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133, 965-974.

Schreiner, M., Mewis, I., Huyskens-Keil, S., Jansen, M.A.K., Zrenner, R., Winkler, J.B., O`Brien, N. & Krumbein, A., 2012. UV-B induced secondary plant metabolites-potential benefits for plant and human health. Critic. Rev. Plant Sci. 31, 229-240.

Schultz, H., 2000. Climate change and viticulture: A European perspective on climatology, carbon dioxide and UV-B effects. Aus. J. Grape and Wine Res. 6, 2-12.

Singleton, V.L., Timberlake, C.F. & Lea, A.G.H., 1978. The phenolic cinnamates of white grapes and wine. J. Sci. Food Agric. 29, 403-410.

Spayd, S.E., Tarara, J.M., Mee, D.L. & Ferguson, J.C., 2002. Separation of sunlight and temperature effects on the composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53, 171-182.

Å ebela, D., Olejníčková, J., Sotolář, R., Vrchotová, N. & Tříska, J., 2014. Towards optical detection of Plasmopara viticola infection in the field. J. Plant Pathol. 96, 309-320.

Teixeira, A., Eiras-Dias, J., Castellarin, S.D. & Gerós, H., 2013. Berry phenolics of grapevine under challenging environments. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, 18711-18739.

Versari, A., Parpinello, G.P., Tornielli, G.B., Ferrarini, R. & Giulivo, C., 2001. Stilbene compounds and stillbene synthase expression during ripening, wilting and UV treatment in grape cv. Corvina. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 5531-5536.

Zhao, X.J., Wang, X., Liu, B., Li, J., Sun, Y.X. & Shu, H.R., 2006. Effect of cluster thinning on catechins in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Vitis 45, 103–104.

Published
2017-04-11
Issue
Vol. 38 No. 1 (2017)
Section
Articles

A copyright form will be e-mailed to the corresponding author when the manuscript has been accepted for publication.

 

In principle, the Author agrees to the following when he/she signes the copyright agreement:

I hereby assign to the SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY FOR ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE (SASEV) the copyright of the text, tables, figures, supplementary material, illustrations and other information (the Material) submitted with the manuscript to be published in SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE (SAJEV) (the "Article"). The copyright becomes effective from the date the Article has been accepted for publication in SAJEV.

 

This is an open access journal, and the authors and journal should be properly acknowledged, when works are cited.

Author's may use the publishers version for teaching purposes, in books, theses, dissertations, conferences and conference papers.

A copy of the authors' publishers version may also be hosted on the following websites:

  • Non-commercial personal webpage or blog.
  • Institutional webpage.
  • Authors Institutional Repository.

The following notice should accompany such a posting on the website: This is an electronic version of an article published in SAJEV, Volume XXX, number XXX, pages XXX - XXX, DOI.   Authors should also supply a hyperlink to the original paper or indicate where the original paper (www.journals.ac.za/index.php/sajev/) may be found.

Authors publishers version, affiliated with the Stellenbosch University will be automatically deposited in the University's Institutional Repository SUNScholar.

Articles as a whole, may not be re-published with another journal.

The following license applies:

Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 4.0